S - Schizophrenia

Question 1

What is a positive symptom in relation to schizophrenia?

Answer 1

Experiences in addition to normal experiences

Question 2

What is a negative symptom in terms of schizophrenia?

Answer 2

A loss of a usual experience

Question 3

What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

• Disorganised speech
• Delusions
• Hallucinations

Question 4

What are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 4

• Speech poverty
• Avolition; loss of motivation
• Anhedonia; loss of interest

Question 5

What are some secondary symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 5

• Depression
• Loss of employment
• Breakdown of relationships

Question 6

How can diagnosis of schizophrenia have cultural bias?

Answer 6

• African cultural norm to communicate with ancestors which may be misinterpreted as schizophrenia
• A psychologist named Escobar found that an overwhelming amount of psychologists are white and over-interpreted symptoms of different cultures particularly, those of Afro-Caribbean decent

Question 7

How can schizophrenia have gender bias?

Answer 7

• Men are more likely to be diagnosed
• A psychologist named Cotton suggested that women with schizophrenia typically function better than men which may have led to the under-diagnosis of schizophrenia in women

Question 8

What is the issue with the diagnosis of schizophrenia in terms of reliability?

Answer 8

• There is low inter-rater reliability
• One psychologist found that you are more likely to be diagnosed on the ICD-10 classification than the DSM-5
• Beck found only a 54% concordance rare in doctors diagnosis of schizophrenia

Question 9

What are the two main classifications of schizophrenia?

Answer 9

• ICD-10
• DSM-5

Question 10

What are the issues of the diagnosis of schizophrenia in relation to co-morbidity?

Answer 10

• Co-morbidity refers to two or more illnesses occurring simultaneously
  It has been found that…
• 50% of people with schizophrenia have depression
• 47% of people with schizophrenia have substance abuse problems
• This can create complications with reliability; the symptoms of one may be confused with the symptoms of another

Question 11

What are the issues of the diagnosis of schizophrenia in relation to system overlap?

Answer 11

• Schizophrenia is often overlapping with bipolar disorder in terms of symptoms; they both experience hallucinations and delusions
• This can lead to misdiagnosis due to similarities

Question 12

What can be used for evaluation of schizophrenia diagnosis?

Answer 12

• Gender bias
• Culture bias
• Inter-rater reliability
• System overlap
• Co-morbidity

Question 13

What is the criteria for the DSM-5 for someone to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

Answer 13

They must have 2 symptoms for at least a month with one of them being positive

Question 14

What did Loring and Powell find?

Answer 14

They did research which found that there was an over diagnosis of schizophrenia in black clients and under diagnosis of schizophrenia in clients that were women