S/F Muscle Two Flashcards
tell me about slow twitch muscle fibers 1
- high mitochondria
- greater blood flow
- fatigue resistant
- small diameter, decreased tension/force
- slow contraction
- predominantly in postural muscles and soleus
- associated with small motor units
tell me about 2a muscle fibers
- jack of all trades
- mid sized
- mid speed
- med mitochondria
- med anaerobic activity (glycolysis)
- med blood supply
- mod fatigue resistant
- intermediate fiber diameter and tension/force
- shorter contraction time than type one
- associated with large motor units more than type one
tell me about 2B fibers
- largest size and force
- fastest contraction
- lowest mitochondria content
- min aerobic activity (mainly use glycolysis)
- min blood supply
- fatigable
- predominant in gastroc and biceps
- associated with largest motor units
principle of overload
greater than normal functional or metabolic demands elicits an anabolic training response
principle of reversability
without sufficient functional or metabolic demands, muscles experience a catabolic response
how do you change muscle tissue via resistance training
- hypertrophic response due to addition of sarcomeres in parallel
- increase PCSA of muscle
- greatest and earlier affect in type 2 fibers
- increase number of mitochondria and improved vascularization
how do you change muscle tissue via endurance training
mitochondrial remodeling
- increase number
- increase size
- clear damage/dysfunc mito
- increased efficiency
some conversion of type 2b to 2a
how do you change muscle tissue with disuse?
happens really fast in immobilization
- greater relative disuse experienced by type 1 fibers (become like type 2a)
- dennervation (SCI injury) type 1 to 2
during pre puberty, _______ is enough of a training stimulus
normal development
why does heavy training pose a risk to pre-puberty and puberty children
- insertion site weakness
- epiphyseal damage
T or F: females gain just as much muscle as males during puberty
false due to biological and societal reasons
sarcopenia
degenerative loss of muscle mass and strength of muscle
as we age we experience an overall decline in size and number of muscle fibers particularly type?
2
what are some causes of sarcopenia
decrease activity
inflammatory disease
decrease hormone levels
fatty infiltration
what are some other age related changes in muscle tissue
- reduced fascicle length
- reduced pennation angle
- reduced tendon stiffness
- altered neural drive
