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Biomechanics > Linear Kinetics > Flashcards

Linear Kinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What do we need to know to adequately describe a force?

A
  • magnitude
  • direction
  • point of application
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2
Q

mass (kg)

A

amount of matter constituting the body

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3
Q

weight (N)

A

mass * gravity

F = M*a

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4
Q

center of mass

A

point about which the matter of a body is evenly distributed

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5
Q

object supported by _____ will balance and rotate freely

A

COM

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6
Q

T or F? COM may be in a location with no mass

A

true

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7
Q

COM - the point about which the sum of torques =

A

zero

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8
Q

law of inertia

A

every body at rest, or moving at a constant velocity in a straight line will continue in that state unless compelled to change by an unbalanced external force exerted upon it

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9
Q

movement is ____ in the absence of a net external force

A

constant

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10
Q

momentum =

A

m*V

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11
Q

law of acceleration

A

the acceleration of a body is proportional to the net force causing it and takes place in the direction in which the net force acts
SumF = m*a

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12
Q

law of action/reaction

A

for every force that is exerted by one body on another, there is an equal and opposite force exerted by the second body on the first
- for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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13
Q

joint reaction force

A
  • equal and opposite forces that exist between adjacent bones at a joint caused by the weight and inertial forces of the two segments
  • the net force acting across the joint
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14
Q

what are the internal forces resolved into components?

A
  • rotary (shear)
  • stabilizing (compressive)
  • dislocating (tension)
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15
Q

what is the primary external force we’re concerned with?

A

gravity! it’s inherent in pt. evaluation and exercise prescription
- effect of gravity on joint torque will vary throughout the range of motion

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16
Q

acceleration of an object occurs only when there is an _____-

A

imbalance of force

17
Q

what are two types of forces acting on a system?

A
  • linear motion
  • rotation and or translation motion
18
Q

what are two types of rotation and or translation motions?

A
  • eccentric
  • force couple
19
Q

What are two examples of force couples?

A
  • humeral rotation without translation (most muscles do this)
  • scapular rotation without translation (raise arm above head)
20
Q

T or F: muscles produce force of 5-15x greater than body weight to accelerate COM against gravity

A

True
joint forces in the body are much greater than vGRF (gravity)

21
Q

Impulse =

A

force * time
(often calculated as the integral (area) under the force-time curve

22
Q

momentum =

A

mass * velocity

23
Q

F = ma or….

A

F= m ((change v)/(t))

Ft = m(change v)

Ft = momentum final - momentum initial

24
Q

speeding up _________ impulse and _______ change in velocity of COM(for ant/post)

A

increases
increases

25
Q

slowing down _____ impulse and ______ change in velocity on COM (for ant/post)

A

decreases
decreases

26
Q

___________ impulse with each stance phase accelerates CoM left and right

A

medial
* known as serpentine pattern

27
Q

what is the only force that exists in presence of another force?

A

friction

28
Q

what is the force that resists sliding/slipping

A

friction

29
Q

T or F: there can be friction without movement

A

true

30
Q

Where does friction act?

A

at the point(s) of contact between contacting surfaces

  • always opposes motion between contacting surfaces
31
Q

friction magnitude is ________

A

variable

32
Q

static friction

A

resistance prior to sliding

33
Q

Fs is equal to

A

motive force

34
Q

kinetic friction

A

resistance one sliding occurs

35
Q

Fk is less than

A

motive force

36
Q

What are the factors affecting friction?

A

coefficient of friction
normal force

37
Q

Friction force =
(what is the formula)

A

u*N

38
Q

what does normal force do?

A

forces holding surfaces together
is perpendicular to the supporting surface

Biomechanics (9 decks)

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