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Biomechanics > S/F Muscle One > Flashcards

S/F Muscle One Flashcards

1
Q

what is the end result of muscle force?

A

bone movement

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2
Q

what is the fundamental unit of a muscle that creates force?

A

sacromere

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3
Q

what are sacromeres in series called

A

myofibril

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4
Q

what is a muscle cell called

A

fiber

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5
Q

what surrounds a fiber

A

endomysium

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6
Q

what is a group of fibers

A

fasicles

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7
Q

what surrounds the fasicles

A

perimysium

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8
Q

what surrounds the entire muscle

A

epimysium

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9
Q

sliding filament hypothesis states that following electrical stimulation:

A

1 - myosin heads form rotating cross brides with actin filament
2 - actin is pulled over myosin

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10
Q

__________ created is directly proportional to the number of simultaneously formed cross bridges

A

active force
(length tension relationship)

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11
Q

what part of the sarcomere is the anchor point for actin and myosin filaments

A

Z line

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12
Q

what part of the sarcomere is the anchor point for myosin (midpoint)

A

M-line

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13
Q

what band only contains actin

A

I-band

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14
Q

what shortens in the sarcomere during contraction

A

H and I band

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15
Q

what part of the sarcomere contains myosin and only variable levels on actin

A

A-band

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16
Q

what band only contains myosin and is located within A-band

A

H band

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17
Q

what band does not change length with a muscle contraction

A

A band

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18
Q

fusiform or strap muscles are built for

A

speed

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19
Q

fusiform or strap muscle fibers are _________ with the tendon

A

parallel

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20
Q

what is an example for fusiform or strap muscles

A

biceps or sartorius

21
Q

pennate muscles are built for_______

A

force

22
Q

pennate muscle fibers are _______ to the tendon

A

oblique

23
Q

example of unipennate muscles

A

tib post
semimembranosis

24
Q

example of bipennate muscles

A

gastroc
vmo
vi

25
Q

examples of multipennate muscles

A

deltoid, glute max

26
Q

what is additive shortening

A

muscle fibers with more sarcomeres in series shorten more
increased shortening over similar time = increased velocity

27
Q

why do pennate muscles create more force

A

because there is not a 1:1 ratio between fiber length shortening and muscle length shortening. there is greater muscle fiber length shortening which adds up to increase the resultant force

28
Q

max force potential of a muscle is proportional to:

A

the sum of the PCSA of all its fibers
(physiological cross sectional area)

29
Q

greater PCSA =

A

greater force development

30
Q

PCSA is greater for what muscle architecture

A

pennate muscle because it has an oblique angle

31
Q

passive length tension:

A

at some critical muscle length, increasing stretch results in storage of strain energy available to do work

32
Q

increased passive stiffness with:

A

increase length and increased velocity (viscoeleastic)

33
Q

active length-tension relationship

A

want there to be an appropriate amount of overlap between sarcomeres in order to produce optimal force

34
Q

what is the active contractile component of the hill type muscle model

A

actin myosin cross bridges

35
Q

what is the passive parallel elastic component of the hill type muscle model

A
  • runs parallel to contractile proteins
  • connective tissue at z lines, endomysium, perimysium
36
Q

what is the passive series elastic component of the hill type muscle model

A
  • joins end to end with contractile proteins
  • tendon and titin
37
Q

after an achilles tendon elongation repair, the typical elongation is 10-15%. what is this effect?

A

greater length (larger ROM) required to develop equivalent force

38
Q

passive insufficiency

A

multi joint muscle stretching will not allow full ROM at each joint crossed

39
Q

active insifficiency

A

multi joint muscle under active tension cannot produce force through available ROM at each joint crossed

40
Q

generally we experience reduced force of the agonist (__________) before resistance of the antagonist (_____________)

A

active insufficiency
passive insufficiency

41
Q

T or F: force and power hit peak values under the same conditions

A

FALSE

concentrically you cannot max both at the same time
- greatest force produced when muscle does not change length
- greatest speed produced under no load

42
Q

muscle produces greatest force when it:

A

does not change length

43
Q

muscle produces greatest speed when it is:

A

under no load

44
Q

linear power =

A

force x velocity

45
Q

angular power =

A

torque x angular velocity

46
Q

muscle force varies with contraction velocity. order from strongest to weakest

A

eccentric, isometric, concentric

47
Q

T or F: at a given force, concentric muscle contraction:
- decreases metabolic cost
- decrease CV load
- decreases neural cost
- decreases fatigue
- increases DOMSr

A

false, eccentric does silly

48
Q

there is some evidence of potentially greater strength gains with ___________ overload training for the elderly, frail, and athletes alike

A

eccentric

Biomechanics (9 decks)

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