Rx Files Antihistamines

Question 1

What is the main role of blocking the H1 receptor?

Answer 1

anti-allergy

Question 2

What is the main role of blocking the H2 receptor?

Answer 2

decrease GI acid secretion

Question 3

Where are the H1 receptors found?

Answer 3

throughout the body

Question 4

Where are the H2 receptors found?

Answer 4

throughout the body

Question 5

On what do the sedation effects of antihistamines depend?

Answer 5

lipid solubility

Question 6

What are some dangers of anti-cholinergic effects?

Answer 6

• angle closure glaucoma
• urinary tract obstruction
• dry mouth
• tachycardia

Question 7

What is the mechanism of angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 7

fluid cannot be drained from the eye and pressure builds

Question 8

Hydroxyzine HCl brand

Answer 8

Atarax

Question 9

Hydroxyzine Pamoate brand

Answer 9

Vistaril

Question 10

Is hydroxyzine sedating?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

What are the indications of hydroxyzine?

Answer 11

• anxiety
• post-op sedation
• antipruritic
• antiemetic
• alcohol withdrawal symptoms

Question 12

Hydroxyzine adverse effects

Answer 12

• sedation
• thickening of bronchial secretions
• dry mouth

Question 13

What is a usual dose of hydroxyzine?

Answer 13

• pruritis: 25 mg PO TID-QID

- seasonal rhinitis: 25 mg PO Qhs until no sedation in a.m.

Question 14

Hydroxyzine (is/is not) recommended in the elderly.

Answer 14

is not

Question 15

Which form of hydroxyzine is available IV?

Answer 15

HCl

Question 16

Diphenhydramine brand

Answer 16

Benadryl

Question 17

Is diphenhyramine a sedating antihistamine?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

Diphenhydramine indications

Answer 18

• allergy symptoms
• mild nighttime sedation
• motion sickness
• antitussive
• treatment of phenothiazine-induced dystonic reactions
• antinauseant
• topical anesthetic

Question 19

Diphenhydramine adverse effects

Answer 19

• headache
• sedation
• dry mouth

Question 20

Diphenhydramine dosing

Answer 20

• allergies: 25 - 50 mg PO q6-8h

- sedation: 50 mg qhs

Question 21

Diphenhydramine can cause what in children?

Answer 21

hyperactivity

Question 22

___ mg dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) = ___ mg diphenhydramine

Answer 22

100

50

Question 23

Cetirizine brand

Answer 23

Zyrtec

Question 24

Is cetirizine sedating?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

Cetirizine indications

Answer 25

- seasonal allergies - perennial allergies - urticaria

Question 26

Cetirizine adverse effects

Answer 26

- headache - sedation - dry mouth

Question 27

Cetirizine dosing

Answer 27

5-10 mg daily

Question 28

What age children can cetirizine be given?

Answer 28

> 6 months

Question 29

Cetirizine is a metabolite of what?

Answer 29

hydroxyzine

Question 30

What is the only antihistamine NOT metabolized by the CYP-450 system?

Answer 30

cetirizine

Question 31

Loratadine brand

Answer 31

- Claritin | - Alavert

Question 32

Is loratadine a sedating antihistamine?

Answer 32

no

Question 33

Loratadine indications

Answer 33

nasal and non-nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Question 34

Loratadine adverse effects

Answer 34

- headache - drowsiness - fatigue

Question 35

Loratadine dosing

Answer 35

- 10 mg PO daily

Question 36

Desloratadine brand

Answer 36

Clarinex

Question 37

Fexofenadine brand

Answer 37

Allegra

Question 38

Is fexofenadine sedating?

Answer 38

no

Question 39

Fexofenadine indications

Answer 39

relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis

Question 40

Fexofenadine adverse effects

Answer 40

- headache | - vomiting (children)

Question 41

Fexofenadine dosing

Answer 41

60-180 mg PO BID

Question 42

Fexofenadine is the active metabolite of

Answer 42

terfenadine

Question 43

What are the sedating antihistamines?

Answer 43

- brompheniramine - chlorpheniramine - diphenhydramine - doxylamine - promethazine - hydroxyzine

Question 44

What are the non-sedating antihistamines?

Answer 44

- fexofenadine - loratadine - cetirizine - levocetirizine

Question 45

Pseudoephedrine brand

Answer 45

Sudafed

Question 46

Pseudoephedrine mechanism of action

Answer 46

alpha-1 agonist

Question 47

Pseudoephedrine adverse effects

Answer 47

- tachycardia - hypertension - decreased appetite - increased energy

Question 48

Pseudoephedrine dosing

Answer 48

30 - 60 mg PO q4-6h | max 240 mg/ 24 hours