RVT-Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Which bronchodilators act to stabilize mast cells and are a mucolytic?
B2 adrenergic agonists-
Terbutaline
Albuterol
What are the anticholinergic bronchodilators?
Atropine
Aminopentamide
Glycopyrrolate
What is the danger of owners using over the counter decongestants for their pets?
If the pet has any underlying cardiac issues, these drugs can be dangerous due to Beta1 sympathetic receptor stimulation.
How do bronchodilators work?
They expand bronchi smooth muscle to allow for easier air passage
Which respiratory drugs have a narrow therapeutic range?
Methylxanthines-
Aminophylline
Theophylline
Theobromine
What are the side effects of antihistamines?
CNS depression
Dry mouth
Urine retention
What 3 drugs are B2 adrenergic agonists?
Terbutaline
Albuterol
Epinephrine
( Think B=Bute)
What are the causes of bronchoconstriction?
Histamine release binding with receptors at the smooth muscle in lungs causing inflammation
Dilation inhibition caused by other drugs blocking B2 adrenergic receptors
Parasympathetic ach binding increasing resp secretions
What are the side effects of anticholinergic bronchodilators?
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Dry eyes
How do decongestants work?
They stimulate the SNS alpha1 receptors causing reduced swelling in sinuses.
Which bronchodilator is for life threatening emergencies?
Epinephrine
What are the side effects of the methylxanthines?
CNS excitement
Tremors
Ataxia
Which drug is used as a CNS stimulant to stimulate breathing?
Doxapram
Why should we be careful using decongestants in animals with cardiac concerns?
Some decongestants can affect Beta1 receptors as well as the Alpha1 receptors
What 2 drugs are decongestants?
Phenylephrine
Pseudonephrine
How do anticholinergic bronchodilators work?
They bind to ach receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction.
- they block the PSNS nerve reflexes that cause the airways to constrict= they remain open
How do the B2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators work?
Stimulate the B2 receptors
-relaxes bronchiole smooth muscle causing them to dilate
What modes of administration ate terbutaline and AlbuterolW available in?
Tablets and inhalers
What drugs are in the methylxanthine class?
Theobromine
Aminophylline
Theophylline
Which drugs would be used for allergic reactions that affect the lungs?
Antihistamines-
Diphenhydramine
Chlorphenarimine
Which reversal agent works only for a short time and may need additional dosing?
Naloxone
Which respiratory stimulant is used to reverse xylazine?
Yohimbine
What are the side effects of Yohimbine?
CNS stimulation
Muscle tremors
What are the two ways to suppress a non-productive cough?
Centrally acting
Local
In cases of tracheitis or tracheobronchitis, which class of drugs may be used?
Antitussives
What are the two types ( subheadings) of Antitussives available?
Controlled
Non-controlled
What side effects does atropine have?
Dry mouth Dry Eyes Tachycardia Vomiting Constipation Urinary retention
What are the two classes of bronchodilators?
Anticholinergics
B2 Adrenergic agonists
What are some alternate methods we can suggest for treatment of pets with congestion?
Cool air vaporizers
Warm compresses
Saline solution drops
Besides being an expectorant, what is guafenesin used for?
Muscle relaxant in horses
Which drug is used for emergency treatment for feline asthma?
Terbutaline
Which class of respiratory drugs work by inhibiting an enzyme that promotes bronchoconstriction?
Methylxanthines
How do antihistamines work?
Histamines are released from mast cells- they bind to receptors on smooth muscle causing bronchoconstriction = Antihistamines block the smooth muscle receptors
Which respiratory stimulant is used as a reversal agent for opioids?
Naloxone
Which Antitussive drugs are controlled?
Morphine
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Butorphanol
Which of the controlled Antitussives is the most powerful?
Hydrocodone
Which of the controlled Antitussive drugs has the least cardiovascular and respiratory depressive affects?
Butorphanol
Which Antitussive drug is a combination of antihistamine and prednisolone?
Trimeprazine ( Vanectyl-P)
What are the side effects of trimeprazine?
PU/PD Polyphagia Sedation Depression Hypotension
Which Antitussive drug is not often used in veterinary medicine but is significant as owners may give it at home?
Dextramethoprhan
Which of the Antitussives are opioids?
Codeine
Morphine
Hydrocodone
Butorphanol
Which reversal drug can be used for the opioid class of Antitussives?
Naloxone
What are the common opioid side effects?
Sedation and constipation
Which class of drugs will be used to remove mucus that cannot easily be removed by cilia?
Mucolytics and expectorants
How do mucolytics work?
Break down the mucus by breaking disulphide bonds….allows mucus to be moved out of resp tract easier
Which drug is a mucolytic?
Acetylcysteine
How can acetylcysteine be administered?
PO
IV
Nebulizer
Besides being a mucolytic, what else can acetylcysteine be used for in cats?
Used to treat acetaminophen toxicity in cats
Which medication could be used on a productive cough?
Guafenesin - makes the mucus easier to cough out
What kind of drug is guafenesin?
Expectorant
Which medication is used to keep dry, irritated tissues moist?
Guafenesin
Does the use of an expectorant increase or decrease muco content?
Increases - waters it down so easier to bring up
Which drugs are used to treat feline asthma?
Diphenhydramine/Chlorphenarimine Aminophyline Terbuterol Albuteral (Remember DATA)
