RVT- Neoplastic Drugs Flashcards
What are the characteristics of neoplastic cells that anti cancer drugs act on?
Rapidly growing and dividing cells-
Different rate of drug intake
Increased cellular response
At what phase in the cell cycle are the enzymes needed for DNA synthesis produced?
G1
What are non-specific cell cycle drugs?
Drugs that don’t work to act within a specific cycle in the cell life
What are specific cell cycle drugs?
Drugs that work within a specific cell phase
G1, S, G2, Mitosis
Do anti-cancer drugs work best on high or low growth fraction cells?
High growth fraction cells
What are examples of cancers with high growth fraction cells?
Leukaemia and some lymphomas
What are the characteristics of high growth fraction cells?
Small, fast growing, early forming
What are the characteristics of low growth fraction cancers?
Solid tumours, cells in G0 ( rest) phase of cell cycle
What are the 4 classes of neoplastic drugs?
Anti tumour antibiotics
Anti metabolic drugs
Alkaloids
Alkalating drugs
How are neoplastic drug calculations different that regular drug calculations?
Dosed according to body surface area = m2
Before and after neoplastic drug administration, what important steps must be taken?
Flushing of catheter with saline to assure equipment is correct. Important not to have any drug outside of the blood vessel
What are the two methods of neoplastic drug administration?
Combination therapy and pulse dosing
What are the anti tumour antibiotic drugs derivatives of?
Streptomyces
What are the 4 drugs in the anti tumour antibiotic class?
Doxorubicin
Actinomycin
Mitoxanthrone
Streptomyces
How do anti tumour antibiotics work?
Initiate free radical formation
Inhibit an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis= DNA fragmentation
No enzyme=no DNA
What phases of the cell cycle do anti tumour antibiotics affect?
G1, S and G2
What are the anti metabolic drugs?
Methotrexate
Azothioprine
Cytosine Arahinoside
How do anti metabolic drugs work?
Inhibit enzymes involved in DNA synthesis
What phase of the cell cycle do the anti metabolic drugs affect?
S phase
What drugs are in the Alkaloid class?
Vincristine
Vinblastine
What are the drugs in the alkaloid drug class derived from?
Periwinkle plant
How do alkaloids work?
The inhibit tubulin formation and microtubule assembly in the cell
What phase of the cell cycle do alkaloids work within?
Mitosis
Which alkaloid would be best for cats?
Vincristine
What drugs are in the alkalating class?
Cyclophosphamide Carboplatin Cisplatin Chlorambuil Melphalin
How do alkalating drugs work?
Cross link or break DNA strands to prevent normal DNA from forming
What phase of the cell cycle to alkalating drugs affect?
G1 and S
Which anti cancer drug requires a multi step activation in the liver before it can function?
Cyclophosphamide
Think multi step=multi syllable word drug
Which anti neoplastic drug should never be used in cats and why?
Cisplatin - effective dose causes respiratory toxicity
What drug causes emesis and renal toxicity in dogs?
Cisplatin
What is the host response to the presence of neoplastic cells in the body?
T lymphocytes
Antibodies
Interferons
Tissue Necrosis factor
