RVT- Neoplastic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of neoplastic cells that anti cancer drugs act on?

A

Rapidly growing and dividing cells-
Different rate of drug intake
Increased cellular response

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2
Q

At what phase in the cell cycle are the enzymes needed for DNA synthesis produced?

A

G1

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3
Q

What are non-specific cell cycle drugs?

A

Drugs that don’t work to act within a specific cycle in the cell life

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4
Q

What are specific cell cycle drugs?

A

Drugs that work within a specific cell phase

G1, S, G2, Mitosis

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5
Q

Do anti-cancer drugs work best on high or low growth fraction cells?

A

High growth fraction cells

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6
Q

What are examples of cancers with high growth fraction cells?

A

Leukaemia and some lymphomas

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of high growth fraction cells?

A

Small, fast growing, early forming

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of low growth fraction cancers?

A

Solid tumours, cells in G0 ( rest) phase of cell cycle

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9
Q

What are the 4 classes of neoplastic drugs?

A

Anti tumour antibiotics
Anti metabolic drugs
Alkaloids
Alkalating drugs

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10
Q

How are neoplastic drug calculations different that regular drug calculations?

A

Dosed according to body surface area = m2

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11
Q

Before and after neoplastic drug administration, what important steps must be taken?

A

Flushing of catheter with saline to assure equipment is correct. Important not to have any drug outside of the blood vessel

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12
Q

What are the two methods of neoplastic drug administration?

A

Combination therapy and pulse dosing

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13
Q

What are the anti tumour antibiotic drugs derivatives of?

A

Streptomyces

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14
Q

What are the 4 drugs in the anti tumour antibiotic class?

A

Doxorubicin
Actinomycin
Mitoxanthrone
Streptomyces

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15
Q

How do anti tumour antibiotics work?

A

Initiate free radical formation
Inhibit an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis= DNA fragmentation
No enzyme=no DNA

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16
Q

What phases of the cell cycle do anti tumour antibiotics affect?

A

G1, S and G2

17
Q

What are the anti metabolic drugs?

A

Methotrexate
Azothioprine
Cytosine Arahinoside

18
Q

How do anti metabolic drugs work?

A

Inhibit enzymes involved in DNA synthesis

19
Q

What phase of the cell cycle do the anti metabolic drugs affect?

A

S phase

20
Q

What drugs are in the Alkaloid class?

A

Vincristine

Vinblastine

21
Q

What are the drugs in the alkaloid drug class derived from?

A

Periwinkle plant

22
Q

How do alkaloids work?

A

The inhibit tubulin formation and microtubule assembly in the cell

23
Q

What phase of the cell cycle do alkaloids work within?

A

Mitosis

24
Q

Which alkaloid would be best for cats?

A

Vincristine

25
Q

What drugs are in the alkalating class?

A
Cyclophosphamide
Carboplatin
Cisplatin
Chlorambuil
Melphalin
26
Q

How do alkalating drugs work?

A

Cross link or break DNA strands to prevent normal DNA from forming

27
Q

What phase of the cell cycle to alkalating drugs affect?

A

G1 and S

28
Q

Which anti cancer drug requires a multi step activation in the liver before it can function?

A

Cyclophosphamide

Think multi step=multi syllable word drug

29
Q

Which anti neoplastic drug should never be used in cats and why?

A

Cisplatin - effective dose causes respiratory toxicity

30
Q

What drug causes emesis and renal toxicity in dogs?

A

Cisplatin

31
Q

What is the host response to the presence of neoplastic cells in the body?

A

T lymphocytes
Antibodies
Interferons
Tissue Necrosis factor