RVT- Neoplastic Drugs

Question 1

What are the characteristics of neoplastic cells that anti cancer drugs act on?

Answer 1

Rapidly growing and dividing cells-
Different rate of drug intake
Increased cellular response

Question 2

At what phase in the cell cycle are the enzymes needed for DNA synthesis produced?

Answer 2

G1

Question 3

What are non-specific cell cycle drugs?

Answer 3

Drugs that don’t work to act within a specific cycle in the cell life

Question 4

What are specific cell cycle drugs?

Answer 4

Drugs that work within a specific cell phase

G1, S, G2, Mitosis

Question 5

Do anti-cancer drugs work best on high or low growth fraction cells?

Answer 5

High growth fraction cells

Question 6

What are examples of cancers with high growth fraction cells?

Answer 6

Leukaemia and some lymphomas

Question 7

What are the characteristics of high growth fraction cells?

Answer 7

Small, fast growing, early forming

Question 8

What are the characteristics of low growth fraction cancers?

Answer 8

Solid tumours, cells in G0 ( rest) phase of cell cycle

Question 9

What are the 4 classes of neoplastic drugs?

Answer 9

Anti tumour antibiotics
Anti metabolic drugs
Alkaloids
Alkalating drugs

Question 10

How are neoplastic drug calculations different that regular drug calculations?

Answer 10

Dosed according to body surface area = m2

Question 11

Before and after neoplastic drug administration, what important steps must be taken?

Answer 11

Flushing of catheter with saline to assure equipment is correct. Important not to have any drug outside of the blood vessel

Question 12

What are the two methods of neoplastic drug administration?

Answer 12

Combination therapy and pulse dosing

Question 13

What are the anti tumour antibiotic drugs derivatives of?

Answer 13

Streptomyces

Question 14

What are the 4 drugs in the anti tumour antibiotic class?

Answer 14

Doxorubicin
Actinomycin
Mitoxanthrone
Streptomyces

Question 15

How do anti tumour antibiotics work?

Answer 15

Initiate free radical formation
Inhibit an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis= DNA fragmentation
No enzyme=no DNA

Question 16

What phases of the cell cycle do anti tumour antibiotics affect?

Answer 16

G1, S and G2

Question 17

What are the anti metabolic drugs?

Answer 17

Methotrexate
Azothioprine
Cytosine Arahinoside

Question 18

How do anti metabolic drugs work?

Answer 18

Inhibit enzymes involved in DNA synthesis

Question 19

What phase of the cell cycle do the anti metabolic drugs affect?

Answer 19

S phase

Question 20

What drugs are in the Alkaloid class?

Answer 20

Vincristine

Vinblastine

Question 21

What are the drugs in the alkaloid drug class derived from?

Answer 21

Periwinkle plant

Question 22

How do alkaloids work?

Answer 22

The inhibit tubulin formation and microtubule assembly in the cell

Question 23

What phase of the cell cycle do alkaloids work within?

Answer 23

Mitosis

Question 24

Which alkaloid would be best for cats?

Answer 24

Vincristine

Question 25

What drugs are in the alkalating class?

Answer 25

``` Cyclophosphamide Carboplatin Cisplatin Chlorambuil Melphalin ```

Question 26

How do alkalating drugs work?

Answer 26

Cross link or break DNA strands to prevent normal DNA from forming

Question 27

What phase of the cell cycle to alkalating drugs affect?

Answer 27

G1 and S

Question 28

Which anti cancer drug requires a multi step activation in the liver before it can function?

Answer 28

Cyclophosphamide | Think multi step=multi syllable word drug

Question 29

Which anti neoplastic drug should never be used in cats and why?

Answer 29

Cisplatin - effective dose causes respiratory toxicity

Question 30

What drug causes emesis and renal toxicity in dogs?

Answer 30

Cisplatin

Question 31

What is the host response to the presence of neoplastic cells in the body?

Answer 31

T lymphocytes Antibodies Interferons Tissue Necrosis factor