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RVT- Pharmacology > RVT - Prescribing and Dispensing > Flashcards

RVT - Prescribing and Dispensing Flashcards

1
Q

In describing a drug, what does ‘generic’ refer to?

A

the ‘Generic’ name is the scientific, official, non-proprietary name. ie; Enrofloxacin

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2
Q

In describing a drug, what does the chemical name refer to?

A

The chemical name describes the chemical composition that makes up the drug.
Only found in drug inserts

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3
Q

What does a veterinary/client/patient relationship refer to and why is its significance in reference to drug dispensing?

A

It is required that any prescribing veterinarian must have an ongoing client/patient relationship in order to prescribe or dispense a drug. The veterinarian must have examined the pet.

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4
Q

What classifies a drug as a ‘controlled substance’?

A

Potential for human abuse or misuse

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5
Q

All drugs are potential poisons if…..

A
  • administered via the wrong route
  • given to the wrong patient
  • given in the wrong dosage
  • inappropriate concentration
  • given to wrong species
  • given to food animals/withdrawal time considerations
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6
Q

What governing body ensures consistency, efficacy and quality of drugs?

A

FDA

food and drug administration ( Health Canada )

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7
Q

What are considered ‘Schedule 1’ drugs?

A

Controlled drugs that have the highest risk of dependency, abuse and adverse reactions.
ie; phenobarbital, diazepam, ketamine

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8
Q

What drugs are considered ‘Schedule II’ drugs?

A

Drugs that possess a high/moderate potential for abuse/misuse
Generally administered in a medical setting by Iv administration.
ie; heparin, diphenhydramine, bupivicaine, iv vitamins

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9
Q

What drugs would be considered ‘Schedule III’ drugs?

A

Drugs whose chronic use may delay or mask serious disease.
Moderate risk of abuse, abuse or dependency.
ie; lactulose, nsaids, hydrocortisone

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10
Q

What drugs are considered ‘Unscheduled’?

A

Over the counter drugs and compounded drugs

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11
Q

What does ‘ELDU’ refer to?

A

Extra label drug use. This is a classification determined by the CVO in reference to any compounded drug as well as any drug that is a human drug being used in veterinary medicine.

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12
Q

What do the ‘controlled drug’ classes refer to?

A

Five classes of drugs based on the potential for abuse as established by the controlled drug and substances act.

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13
Q

When recording in a controlled drug log, what information must be addressed?

A 
Date
Clients name and address
Pets name
Drug prescribed
Quantity
Initials of dispenser    
Running total
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14
Q

RX to a pharmacy must include what info?

A

DVM’s name and licence # address and phone #
Clients name, address, Patients name and species
Date, dosing instructions, refills, Signature of DVM

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15
Q

What information will we find on a drug insert?

A

Indications, Precautions, Contraindications, Overdose, Storage and administration, dosage, warnings, tech and scientific info.

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16
Q

What does shelf life refer to?

A

The time where a given product stored under appropriate conditions, is expected to remain stable at a >90% potency.

17
Q

What does ‘Therapeutic range’ refer to?

A

The concentration of the drug in the body that produces the desired affect with minimal or no signs of toxicity.

18
Q

What does a small margin of safety refer to?

A

If the drugs affective dose is close to lethal/toxic.

= higher therapeutic index

19
Q

What does a ‘Large margin of safety’ refer to?

A

That the lethal/toxic dose is much larger than the effective dose.
Higher therapeutic index ( a larger dose will produce the desired affect)

20
Q

What is a loading dose?

A

Initial dose to get the drug up to the therapeutic range.

21
Q

What is a maintenance dose?

A

The dose that keeps the drug in the therapeutic range

22
Q

What does ‘dosage’ refer to?

A

Amount of drug per body weight or measure.

23
Q

What is the ‘drug interval’?

A

How frequently the drug is given

24
Q

What is the ‘dosage regime?’

A

Dosage + dosage interval

Therapeutic levels rely on this

25
Q

What does parenteral and non-parenteral refer to?

A

Parenteral refers to drugs that do not enter the body through the GI tract
ie; IV, IM, SQ,
Non-parental refers to drugs that are ingested
ie; sucralfate, clavaseptin, suspensions

26
Q

What is the difference between an emulsion, suspension and solution?

A

Emulsion is mixing 2 liquids together that remain separate ie;oil and vinegar
Suspension is mixing of a solid into a liquid that will not dissolve. ie; sand and water
Solution ; mixing a solid into a liquid that will dissolve ie;sugar and water

27
Q

What are the 3 techniques for Iv injectables?

A

Bolus
Intermittent
Infusion

28
Q

What is a repository/depot preparation?

A

A drug is mixed with a substance ( the repository) that delays its absorption.

29
Q

What are ‘enteric’ medications?

A

Refers to a coating on the drug that delays absorption. Cannot be dissolved in the stomach, therefore passes to the intestines to be absorbed.
Good for drugs that would be destroyed by stomach acid or that can irritate the stomach.

30
Q

When administering a topical medication, do local sites benefit from a higher or lower concentration of the drug?

A

Higher

31
Q

What drugs can be purchased without a prescription?

A

Over-the-counter drugs

ie; advantage

32
Q

What is the law that allows extra-labe use of a drug under certain conditions?

A

Animal Medicinal Drug use clarification act of 1994

33
Q

What is the agency that ensures that approved veterinary medicines are relatively safe for animals?

A

FDA - CVM

34
Q

A person that studies how the body absorbs, uses and gets rid of codeine is engaged in the pharmacology specialty called….

A

Pharmacokinetics

35
Q

The higher the schedule number ( V verses I) of a controlled-substance drug correlates in what way to the risk for human abuse?

A

The lower the risk for human abuse

I = very high risk V= lower risk

36
Q

The majority of veterinary drugs in use during the 1900’s were found naturally in plants …..True or false?

A

True

37
Q

Diazepam is an example of a schedule I drug. True or false?

A

False

38
Q

Over the counter drugs are approved for human use only by the FDA. True or false?

A

True

39
Q

In describing a drug, what does ‘Trade’ name refer to?

A

The trade name refers to the proprietary or brand name given to the drug by the manufacturer. ie; Baytril

RVT- Pharmacology (6 decks)

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