RUSVM Physio Neuro Part 9 Central Control of Movement Flashcards
What does all movement results through ?
Through excitation or relaxation of muscles
What are the two general forms that movement can be divided into?
Dominated by flexor muscles or dominated by extensor muscles.
T/F Voluntary movements are usually initiated unconsciously?
False- they are initiated consciously.
Which muscles are distal to the spinal cord?
The flexor muscles
What muscles are located closer to the spinal cord?
The extensor muscles
Skilled voluntary movements of distal musculature is primarily controlled by what system ?
The lateral system- of lower and upper motor neurons spinal tracts
Posture and antigravity activity of the proximal and axial musculature is controlled by what system?
medial system of neurons and tracts
Voluntary movement is directed by what cortex?
Directed by the primary motor cortex.
The simplest type of motor behavior in the spinal cord is what?
Is the spinal segmental reflex.
The thoracic limb nerves responsible for this reflex is coming from where in the spinal cord?
C6-T2
The pelvic limb nerves reflex is mediated by the sciatic nerve through which spinal cord segments?
L6-S1
What are the two major descending motor system pathways form the brain to the spinal cord
Brainstem UMN Pathways and Corticospinal tract
What is the brainstem UMN pathway also called
Extrapiramidal tracts
What is the corticospinal tract also called
Pyramidal tracts
What are the 4 major axon tracts that originate in the brainstem and descend to the spinal cord to influence spinal LMNs
- Vestibulospinal tract - Medial
- Reticulospinal tract - medial
- Tectospinal Tract - medial
- Rubrospinal tract - lateral
What is the major role of the medial pathways ?
To maintain the body subconsciously in an upright position against the pull of gravity
The corticospinal tract is a direct connection between what?
Motor cortex and cord
What is the major role of the RUBROSPINAL tract?
It is a lateral brainstem pathway that controls distal limb musculature associated with skilled movement.
The palpebral reflex is coordinated by the brainstem and evaluates what nerves?
the CN V (trigeminal) and CN VII (facial)
The Corticospinal tract is a direct projection from what?
from cerebral cortex to spinal cord
T/F Corticospinal tracts have the ability to control the most dexterous, skilled movements derived from the synaptic termination pattern of several axons.
True
F/T Motor cortices of the frontal lobe are the lowest level of the motor system hierarchy
False- They are the highest.
Most of the corticospinal tract axons originate from what?
- The primary motor cortex
- The supplementary motor cortex
- The premotor cortex
The somatotopic map of what cortex shows the origins of axons going to different skeletal muscles of the body.
Primary motor cortex
What 2 cortex are located in the frontal lobe?
Supplementary motor cortex and premotor cortex.
What is an important role of the premotor cortex?
important role in preparatory orientation of the body for the execution of a particular motor task.
