RUSVM Physio Neuro Part 9 Central Control of Movement

Question 1

What does all movement results through ?

Answer 1

Through excitation or relaxation of muscles

Question 2

What are the two general forms that movement can be divided into?

Answer 2

Dominated by flexor muscles or dominated by extensor muscles.

Question 3

T/F Voluntary movements are usually initiated unconsciously?

Answer 3

False- they are initiated consciously.

Question 4

Which muscles are distal to the spinal cord?

Answer 4

The flexor muscles

Question 5

What muscles are located closer to the spinal cord?

Answer 5

The extensor muscles

Question 6

Skilled voluntary movements of distal musculature is primarily controlled by what system ?

Answer 6

The lateral system- of lower and upper motor neurons spinal tracts

Question 7

Posture and antigravity activity of the proximal and axial musculature is controlled by what system?

Answer 7

medial system of neurons and tracts

Question 8

Voluntary movement is directed by what cortex?

Answer 8

Directed by the primary motor cortex.

Question 9

The simplest type of motor behavior in the spinal cord is what?

Answer 9

Is the spinal segmental reflex.

Question 10

The thoracic limb nerves responsible for this reflex is coming from where in the spinal cord?

Answer 10

C6-T2

Question 11

The pelvic limb nerves reflex is mediated by the sciatic nerve through which spinal cord segments?

Answer 11

L6-S1

Question 12

What are the two major descending motor system pathways form the brain to the spinal cord

Answer 12

Brainstem UMN Pathways and Corticospinal tract

Question 13

What is the brainstem UMN pathway also called

Answer 13

Extrapiramidal tracts

Question 14

What is the corticospinal tract also called

Answer 14

Pyramidal tracts

Question 15

What are the 4 major axon tracts that originate in the brainstem and descend to the spinal cord to influence spinal LMNs

Answer 15

1. Vestibulospinal tract - Medial
2. Reticulospinal tract - medial
3. Tectospinal Tract - medial
4. Rubrospinal tract - lateral

Question 16

What is the major role of the medial pathways ?

Answer 16

To maintain the body subconsciously in an upright position against the pull of gravity

Question 17

The corticospinal tract is a direct connection between what?

Answer 17

Motor cortex and cord

Question 18

What is the major role of the RUBROSPINAL tract?

Answer 18

It is a lateral brainstem pathway that controls distal limb musculature associated with skilled movement.

Question 19

The palpebral reflex is coordinated by the brainstem and evaluates what nerves?

Answer 19

the CN V (trigeminal) and CN VII (facial)

Question 20

The Corticospinal tract is a direct projection from what?

Answer 20

from cerebral cortex to spinal cord

Question 21

T/F Corticospinal tracts have the ability to control the most dexterous, skilled movements derived from the synaptic termination pattern of several axons.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

F/T Motor cortices of the frontal lobe are the lowest level of the motor system hierarchy

Answer 22

False- They are the highest.

Question 23

Most of the corticospinal tract axons originate from what?

Answer 23

1. The primary motor cortex
2. The supplementary motor cortex
3. The premotor cortex

Question 24

The somatotopic map of what cortex shows the origins of axons going to different skeletal muscles of the body.

Answer 24

Primary motor cortex

Question 25

What 2 cortex are located in the frontal lobe?

Answer 25

Supplementary motor cortex and premotor cortex.

Question 26

What is an important role of the premotor cortex?

Answer 26

important role in preparatory orientation of the body for the execution of a particular motor task.