RUSVM Physio Neuro Part 4 Flashcards
The nervous system monitors what senses to maintain proper functions of the body?
Somatic and visceral
T/F sensory receptors are present in every tissue of the body
TRUE
What are the primary afferent neuron that receive the signal and send information to CNS
Primary or first-order neurons
What are the neurons called that conduct impulses from spinal cord or brainstem to thalamus (cross over to opposite sides before reaching thalamus)
Secondary or second-order neurons
What are the neurons called that conduct impulses from thalamus to primary somatosensory cortex
Tertiary or third order neurons
What signals originate from the cutaneous areas, muscle and joints
Somatosensory signals
What do somatosensory signals respond to?
They respond to mechanical, chemical or thermal stimuli. Produce sensation of touch, pressure vibration, pain warm/cold.
What signals originate from internal structures of the body?
Viscerosensory signals
T/F Some viscerosensory signals are consciously detectable
TRUE
What receptors have no special modification (free nerve endings), not myelinated and most common type.
Simple Receptors
What receptors are ensheathed by CT capsule and encapsulated portions of axon are not myelinated
Complex receptors
What receptors are specialized receptor cells
Special senses receptors
What sensory receptor deals with skin tactile sensibilities, deep tissue sensibilities, hearing, equilibrium and arterial receptors?
Mechanoreceptors
What sensory receptor deals with the feeling of temperature, warm receptors, cold receptors and all are free ending receptors
Thermoreceptors
What sensory receptor deals with pain and have free nerve endings
Nociceptors
What sensory receptor is for vision- rods and cones
Photoreceptors
What sensory receptors is for taste, smell, arterial oxygen, osmolality, blood CO2, blood glucose, AA, and FA
Chemoreceptors
What is the labeled line principle
It is the specificity of nerve fibers for transmitting only one modality of sensation.
T/F When a specific sensory fiber is stimulated, the perception is related with the type of fiber regardless of what type of stimulus excites the fiber
TRUE
What is the principle when it doesn’t matter if the stimulus is overheating, electricity, crushing or damage to the fiber, pain will always perceive pains.
Labeled line principle
What is the sensory classification of nerve fibers
Type A and Type C
What is the general classification called of fibers that are typically large and medium sized myelinated fibers of spinal nerves
Type A
Describe type C nerve fibers
are the small unmyelinated nerve fibers that conduct impulses at low velocities.
What is the receptor potential or generator potential
it is whatever the type of stimulus that excites the receptor, its immediate effect is change of the membrane electrical potential of the receptor.
What are the 4 ways to stimulate a sensor receptor?
- Mechanical deformation
- Application of a chemical to the membrane
- Change of the temp of the membrane
- Effects of electromagnetic radiation.
T/F The more the receptor potential rises above the threshold level, the greater becomes the AP frequency.
True
T/F Sensor receptors can not adapt either partially or completely to any constant stimulus after a period of time.
False- they CAN adapt.
What is sensory adaptation?
It is the ability to diminish the extent of their depol. despite sustained stimulus strength.
What are slow adapting receptors also called
Tonic Receptors
What are fasting adapting receptors also called
Phasic Receptors
What are examples of slow adapting receptors
Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors. Pain receptors usually NEVER adapt
When are fast adapting receptors stimulated
They are stimulated only when the stimulus strength changes
Give examples of fast adapting receptors
Pacinian corpuscle - skin deep pressure
T/F Slow adapting receptors continue to transmit impulses to the brain as long as the stimulus is present
TRUE
F/T Animals are able to detect different modalities of stimulus and know the location of a stimulus applied to the body.
TRUE
T/F Each segment of the spinal cord innervates a specific receptive field of the body
TRUE
What nerve fibers have specific receptive fields on the face
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
The sensations detected by the peripheral receptors include what
Touch, pain, temp, and position of the body.
What receptors are free nerve endings
Nociceptors
What are the two different types of pain
Fast pain and slow pain
Which pain being only after 1 sec or more and than increases slowly over many seconds or minutes
SLOW Pain
What pain is associated with tissue destruction, prolonged unbearable suffering and can occur in the skin and almost any deep tissue or organ.
SLOW PAIN
What pain will respond to needle stimulation, knife cut or acute burns
Fast pain
What are the 3 types of stimuli that can excite pain receptors
Mechanical, Thermal and chemical pain stimuli
T/F Mechanical and thermal are both fast pain responses
True
T/F Slow pain in all 3 types (mechanical, thermal, chemical)
TRUE
T/F Encephalin and endorphin act in the CNS to inhibit presynaptic neurons transmitting pain sensation
TRUE
what binds to opiate receptors and terminate pain signals
Encephalin and endorphin
What is the knowledge of one’s position and can be conscious and unconscious?
Proprioception
What are viscerosensory signals essential for
respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and micturition.
Are visceral organs sensitive to cutting, heat or cold?
No, cutting needs A fibers; there is no temp. receptor
What do nociceptors in the viscera respond to?
They respond to stretching, distension, spasm, inflammation and ischemia.
T/F Visceral pain is poorly localized
true
Nociceptors in the viscera detect changes in visceral structures caused by what
abnormal physical conditions or pathologic conditions. Ex. GI bloating/cramping, peritonitis
What receptors respond to innocuous stimuli
Physiological receptors in the viscera
Physiological receptors can be what receptors
Mechanoreceptors or chemoreceptors
Examples- Changes in BP, Changes in pCO2 or pO2, coughing reflex, sense of fullness.
