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RUSVM Physiology I > RUSVM Physio Neuro Part 1 > Flashcards

RUSVM Physio Neuro Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Interneurons or associated neurons

A

found in the brain/spinal cord, connecting motor and sensory neurons

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2
Q

What is Dura Mater?

A

Outermost meningeal layer, often fused with the inner surface of the skull, thicker protects the CNS

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3
Q

What are the two major subdivisons in the mammalian NS

A

-Central NS and Peripheral NS

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4
Q

Where are Glial cells located?

A 
CNS = microglial cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells.
PNS= Schwann cells
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5
Q

Where does the Myelin sheath originate from and are part of?

A

Schwann cells in PNS

Oligodendrocytes in the CNS

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6
Q

What is the CNS protected by?

A

the meninges and the CSF

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7
Q

What does the endoneurium surround

A

The peripheral nerve fiber

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8
Q

Describe bipolar neurons

A
  • 2 processes (1 axon, 1 dendrite)

- Interneurons - interconnect various neurons within the brain/spinal cord

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9
Q

What is the role of oligodendrocytes

A
  • Provide support to axons of neurons in CNS
  • Myelinate most axons >1um in diameter
  • The myelin sheath is the reason the brain has white matter
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10
Q

What is the role of the ependymal cells

A
  • Cover the ventricles of the brain, central canal of the CNS and choroid plexus in the 4th ventricle of the medulla oblongata
  • Involved in creating CSF
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11
Q

Describe unipolar neurons

A
  • Have a single process that bifurcates to form 2 processes (peripheral and central)
  • Sensory neurons (AFFERENT)- send information from receptors in sensory organs toward the brain/spinal cord
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12
Q

What is the CNS composed of

A

The brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

T/F Loner axons have longer internodes and faster conduction velocities

A

True

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14
Q

What is Saltatory conduction

A

The action potential jumps from node to node. The depolarization is much more rapid than in unmyelinated fibers.

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15
Q

What does the Neuroglia or glial cells NOT do

A
  • They do not produce action potentials

- They do not participate directly in synaptic interactions and electrical signaling.

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16
Q

What is the role of Microglial cells?

A
  • The brains immune cells. Act as macrophages- also release NO to prevent viral replication.
  • Protect the brain against injury and infection
  • Play a role in the developing brain- help destroy synapses that are unnecessary.
17
Q

T/F Schwann cell cytoplasm forms a ring inside and outside of the sheath

A

TRUE

18
Q

What is the Peripheral NS composed by?

A

Composed by all the neural tissue outside the CNS

19
Q

Describe a multipolar neuron

A
  • Numerous cell processes (1 axon many dendrites)
  • Motor neurons (EFFERENT)- send information from the brain/spinal cord to muscle/glands
  • Most prevalent type of neuron
20
Q

What are the periodic interruptions on the axon?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

21
Q

What cells are involved in creating CSF

A

Ependymal cells

22
Q

What is the fascicle surrounded by?

A

the perineurium

23
Q

What is nerve surrounded by

A

Epineurium

24
Q

Where is CSF found within?

A

Subarachnoid space
Central canal of the spinal cord
Ventricular system of the brain

25
Q

Define Sensory or afferent neurons

A

send information from receptors towards the brain/spinal cord

26
Q

Define Motor or Efferent neurons

A

Send information away from the brain/spinal cord to muscle/glands (effectors)

27
Q

How do neuroglia or glial cells play an important role in the NS

A
  • Participate in the production of myelin sheaths of axons
  • Modulate the growth of developing or damaged neurons
  • Buffer extracellular concentrations of K and NT
  • Participate in the formation of contact between neurons (synpases)
  • Participate in certain immune responses of the NS
28
Q

What 3 protective layers is the entire CNS surrounded by

A
  1. Pia Mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Dura Mater
29
Q

What is the role of Schwann cells

A

-Provide support to axons of the Peripheral Nervous System

30
Q

What is the role of astrocytes?

A
  • Numerous long cell processes. 50% of the glial cell population in the CNS.
  • Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.
  • Helps elongate axons and dendrites.
  • Maintain a neuron’s working environment. Controls the concentration of important ions.
  • Modulate how neurons communicate.
31
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Delivers sensory information to the CNS

Carriers motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems.

32
Q

What is Pia Mater?

A

Inner most meningeal layer, laying next to CNS

33
Q

T/F Depolarization is much slower than in unmyelinated fibers?

A

False, they are much more rapid.

34
Q

What is Arachnoid?

A

Traps CSF, Subarachnoid space

35
Q

T/F conduction velocity in myelinated fibers is proportional to the diameter

A

True

RUSVM Physiology I (10 decks)

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