Russian Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

For how long did the Russian Empire stretch from east to west?

A

4000+miles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many people lived within the boarders of the Russian Empire?

A

130 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happened in February 1913?

A

The Tsar and his people celebrted 300 years of Romanov rule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When did Tsar Nicholas II rule?

A

1894-1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What caused Russians to revolt?

A

They were angry because millions of soldiers were killed.
The war caused terrible shortages at home.
Many ordinary Russians could not afford to keep warm or feed their families.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What were the signs of it being a revolution?

A

By March 1917, people were desperate.
Thousands pf St Petersburg workers filled the streets, now demonstrating against the government.
The Tsar’s troops refused to fire at the people and joined in the demonstrations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was Tsar Nicholas II abdicated?

A

16th March 1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Whathappened after Nicholas II was abdicated?

A

A new provisional government took control of Russia.
People rejoiced at the end of the monarchy.
In St. Petersburg, statues of the Tsar were smashed to pieces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When did Vladimir Lenin return to Russia?

A

April 1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Of what party was Lenin the leader?

A

The Bolsheviks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Communists believe?

A

Everyone should have ana equal share in Russia’s wealth.
Peasants should have a share of the land.
Workers should own a share of the factory where they worked.
The war should be ended immediately.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happened on the evening of 25th October 1917?

A

The Bolsheviks seized power from the Provisional Government. They then began their work in turning Russia into the world’s first Communist State.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where did the Bolsheviks seize control from government ministers and their soldiers?

A

The Winter Palace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why did the Bolsheviks succeed in 1917?

A

Sailors who were expected to aid the Bolsheviks were late.
Huge field guns were too rusty.
No one could find the red lantern to signal the start of the attack.

BUT

Hardly anyone came to the support of the Provisional Government.
Even some of the soldiers in the Winter Palace decided to slip away. Rather than fighting, they chose to eat their evening meals in the restaurants of St. Petersburg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Lenin set out to do from the very beginning?

A

Destroy all opposition parties.
Soldiers smashed up the offices of opposition newspapers and arrested their editors.
His secret police tortured and executed opponents of his new government.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was Lenin’s new sceret police force?

A

The Cheka

17
Q

What happened in November 1917?

A

The Provisional Government had promised an election to decide who should represnt the people in a new Constituent Assembly, and Lenin was forced to go ahead with it.
The Bolsheviks were then outnumbered by the Constituent Assembly.

18
Q

What happened in January 1918?

A

Lenin sent his soldiers to the Constituent Assembly and closed it down.
Russia had now becoe a one-party state.

19
Q

When did a group of Bolshevik diplomats travel to Brest Litovsk to begin peace talks.

A

November 1917

20
Q

If a peace treaty wasn’t signed, what was Lenin afradi would happen.

A

German troops would capture Petrograd (formerly St. Petersburg), thereby removing them from power.

21
Q

When did Russia and Germany finally sign the Treaty of Brest Litovsk.

A

March 1918

22
Q

What was involved in the huge amount of territory Russia had to give up for the Treaty of Brest Litovsk?

A

34% of Russia’s population,
32% of Russia’s agricultural land,
54% of Russia’s factories,
89% of Russia’s coal-mines.

23
Q

What did the number of decrees Russia passed during the autumn and winter of 1917 aim to do?

A

Make Russia a more equal society.

24
Q

What were the decrees Russia passed during the autumn and winter of 1917?

A

Women were declared equal to men.
Peasants who had a surplus of grain were forced to hand it over to the government so that people in the cities had enough bread.
Factories were taken away from their owners and placed under the control of worker’s committees.
Wll land was taken from the Tsar and the old landlords.
A maximum 48-hour working week was deckared for factory workers.
Money and hewelery in rich people’s bank accounts were taken by the state.
Rich people were forced to share their houses with poor families.

25
Q

What happened to the members of the Romanov family after the Tsar was abdicated?

A

The were put under house arrest.

26
Q

Where did the Royal family stay after the Tsar was abduacted?

A

A palace near St. Petersburg - where they had no power.

27
Q

What did the Bolsheviks fear about the Tsar?

A

If he escaped the palace, he might help opponents of the new regime.

28
Q

What happened in the early months of 1918?

A

Rumours spread of plots to free the imperial family.
So the communists moved them to a town called Ekatinberg in the Ural mountains.

29
Q

What happened on the night of 16th July 1918?

A

Secret police officers woke the family and told them were unsafe in their rooms and had to move to the cellar. When they got to the cellar, the officers opened fire upon the family.
The corpses were driven off in a lorry. While the men wanted to throw them down a mineshaft, the lorry got stuck in mud, so they were buried in the ground instead. The soldiers then poures sulfuric acid on their faces to make them unrecognisable. For many years, the government insisted the decision was made by local Bolsheviks, but we now know it came from Communist leadership in Moscow.