Russian - AOS 2

Question 1

Red Terror perspective

Answer 1

“Machine guns became for them the principle instrument of political persuasion.” (Pipes)

Question 2

Polish Soviet War

Answer 2

February 1919 - March 1921

Question 3

War Communism perspective

Answer 3

“Instead of raising productivity to unprecedented heights, war communism had reduced it to levels that threatened Russia’s very survival.” (Pipes)

Question 4

Death of Lenin

Answer 4

24 January 1924

Question 5

Scissor Crisis

Answer 5

Agricultural production rapidly increased, leading to a drop in prices
Shortages of industrial and manufactured goods caused their prices to rise
Thus, disparity in prices

Farmers impacted as income drops, causing subsistence farming to increase

Question 6

Constituent Assembly elections

Answer 6

November 1917
- Bolsheviks = 23%
- SRs = 42%

Question 7

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 7

3 March 1918
Gave up large chunks of Russian territory to Germany, namely Ukraine, along with granting financial compensation

Question 8

Examples of Bolshevik decrees

Answer 8

• Decree on Land
• Decree on Private Ownership
• Decree on Religion

Question 9

Civil War

Answer 9

1918 - 1921

Question 10

Tsar Nicholas II death

Answer 10

July 1918, in Yekaterinburg

Question 11

Red Army

Answer 11

January 1918
5 million men by 1920

Question 12

CHEKA executions

Answer 12

140,000 during the Civil War
140,000 during peasant revolts

Question 13

Okhrana executions

Answer 13

14,000 in 50 years

Question 14

War Communism
- Date
- Policies

Answer 14

June 1918 - March 1921
- Forced grain requisitioning
- Conscription into Red Army and industry
- “Communist Sundays”

Question 15

War Communism effects

Answer 15

• 9.5 million deaths from famine and disease
• Industry rates 15% of pre-war rates
• Cannibalism and bribery

Question 16

Kronstadt food causes

Answer 16

• January 1921 - bread rations cut by 1/3
• Most privileged workers received only 1000 calories per day

Question 17

Kronstadt Uprising

Answer 17

7-17 March 1921
- 15,000 sailors and soldiers from Kronstadt revolt against the Bolsheviks
- Revolutionary Committee demands “soviets without Bolsheviks,” an end to War Communism, freedom of speech & press, allow other political parties
- 2,000 rebels killed
- 10,000 Red Army soldiers killed

Question 18

Kronstadt quote

Answer 18

“Reddest of the Red.” (Trotsky)

Question 19

Kronstadt perspective

Answer 19

“Symbolic parting of the ways between the working class and the Bolshevik party.” (Fitzpatrick)

Question 20

NEP

Answer 20

1921-1928
- Paid peasants for grain, abolished grain requisitioning, re-introduced wages for workers

Question 21

NEP effects

Answer 21

• Grain harvests double between 1921 and 1925
• Wages of workers increased by 150%

Question 22

NEP perspective

Answer 22

the “NEP was nothing short of treason.” (Malone)

Question 23

Red Terror HP

Answer 23

“When threatened by danger, the bolsheviks resorted to… mass terror against their own people.” (Volkogonov)

Question 24

NEP HP

Answer 24

“Such a gamble was essential for the regime to survive.” (Service)