AOS 2 - Consequences Flashcards

1
Q

The Terror
- Dates
- Stats
- Quotes

A
  • 5 September 93 - 27 July 94
  • Around 16,600 official executions
  • Speculated over 200,000 (including Vendée & revolts)
  • “Let terror be the order of the day.” (National Convention)
  • “Let us be terrible, in order that the people are not so.” (Danton)
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2
Q

Law of 22 Prairial
- Date
- What

A
  • 10 June 1794
  • Accused not permitted a defence counsel, to call witnesses or evidence in defence
  • Only outcome was acquittal or death
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3
Q

Committee of Public Safety
- Date
- Powers
- Who

A
  • April 1973
  • Unlimited powers - dealing with suspected counter-revolutionaries, economic and political control, conducting the war
  • Controlled ministers, generals, foreign policy, communes
  • Robespierre, Saint-Just, Couthon
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4
Q

Expulsion of Girondins
- Date
- Why

A
  • 31 May
  • Unpopular due to war, dislike for sans-culottes, and the trial of Marat
  • They condemned the September Massacres (beveur du sang)
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5
Q

September Massacres
- Date
- Quotes
- Stats
- Outcome
- Perspective

A
  • 2 September 1792
  • “Let the blood of traitors flow. That is the only way to save the country.” (Marat)
  • 1200 - 1400 prisoners killed
  • Sans-culottes = defenders of the revolution / uncontrollable political force
  • “Violence was the motor of the Revolution.” (Schama)
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6
Q

Storming of Tuileries Journee
- Date
- Who
- Significance

A
  • 10 August 1792
  • 20,000 Sans-culottes, aided by National Guard and fédérés, slay the Swiss guard
  • Louis and family arrested, the monarchy suspended
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7
Q

DORMAC Historian’s Perspective

A

“statement of bourgeois idealism.” (McPhee)

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8
Q

Confiscation and Sale of Church Land
- Date
- How much land
- Significance

A
  • 2 November 1789
  • Church owned 10% of all land in France
  • Reduced Church’s wealth and power
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9
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy
- Date
- Historian Perspective
- Significance

A
  • 12 July 1790
  • “the Assembly had virtually created a second large group of counter-revolutionaries where none had existed” (Adcock)
  • Made the Church subordinate to the state
  • Bishops reduced, clergy paid by state
  • Alienated Catholics
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10
Q

Clerical Oath
- Date
- Perspective
- What
- Significance

A
  • 27 November 1790
  • “[The Clerical Oath] offered a stark choice between religion and revolution.” (Aston)
  • All clergy must take an oath to the state and revolution
  • Louis XVI (devout Catholic) very uncomfortable > Flight to Varennes
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11
Q

Flight to Varennes
- Date
- Perspective
- Why?
- Significance

A
  • 20 June 1791
  • “The Flight to Varennes opened up the second great schism of the revolution.” (Doyle)
  • Civil Constitution of the Clergy, loss of absolute power, death of Mirabeau
  • Decline in support of king (traitor) and constitutional monarchy, increase in radicalism and republicanism
  • Assembly now had full power
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12
Q

End of Constitutional Monarchy Perspective

A

“By fleeing, one king renounced his sovereignty, while another king, the people, looked on.” (Richet)

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13
Q

Champ de Mars
- Date
- Perspective
- Stats

A
  • 17 July 1791
  • “A monstrous crime was committed: Louis XVI fled: he infamously abandoned his position.”
  • 50 killed, 12 injured
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14
Q

DORMAC
- Date
- Significance
- Not addressed…

A
  • 27 August 1789
  • Enshrined liberal ideas (LEF), ended absolutism, introduced National Constituent Assembly
  • Freedom of speech, press and religion
  • Rights of women and slaves
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15
Q

Night of Patriotic Delirium
- Date
- What

A
  • 4 August 1789
  • Liberal nobles renounce their privileges
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16
Q

August Decrees
- Dates
- Significance

A
  • 5-11 August 1789
  • Feudalism and privilege abolished, taxes equalised, everyone eligible for office
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17
Q

Women’s March to Versailles
- Date
- Why
- Stats
- Significance
- Perspective

A
  • 5 October 1789
  • Wanted to take king away from Versailles (after the banquet)
  • Over 7,000
  • King moved to Tuileries
  • “The king was now under virtual imprisonment.” (Schama)
18
Q

International War
- Date
- Perspective

A
  • April 1792
  • “…would be the single greatest force radicalising the revolution.” (Adcock)
19
Q

Brunswick Manifesto
- Date

A
  • 25 July 1792
20
Q

Law of Suspects
- Date
- What

A
  • 17 September 1793
  • All suspects could be arrested and condemned
21
Q

Terror Perspective

A

“A tightening spiral of repression, persecution, and the pursuit of ideological purity, ending with a procession of innocents to the guillotine.” (Andress)

22
Q

Terror - two largest groups

A

Peasants (28%) and Urban Workers (31%)

23
Q

Vendée Rebellion

A
  • March (Machaeoul - 500 dead) / April 1793
24
Q

Committee of General Security

A
  • October 1792
25
Louis XVI execution - Date
- 21 January 1793
26
Madame Roland quote
"We can be regenerated by blood alone."
27
Brissot quote
"We cannot be calm until Europe, all Europe, is in flames."
28
Sans-culottes quote
- "The popular movement enjoyed a high tide of popular involvement and power."
29
Constitution of 1791 - Date
- September 1791
30
Federalist Revolt - Date - Where
- June 1793 - Lyon, Marseilles, Bordeaux, Toulon, Toulouse
31
Constitution of 1793 - Date - Significance - However...
- June 1793 - Universal male suffrage, slavery abolished, direct elections, removed active and passive terms - Suspended "until peace is resolved"
32
Bloodshed quote
"Bloodshed... was the source of [the Revolution's] energy." (Schama)
33
Law of Maximum
29 September 1793
34
Danton Death
5 April 1794
35
Marie Antoinette execution
16 October 1793
36
Thermidorian Reaction
- 28-30 July 1794 - Execution of Robespierre and colleagues - Terror dismantled, Montagnards eliminated - Moderates of the Plain remain
37
1795 prices
750% higher than 1790
38
Constitution of Year III
1795 - Voting equality removed - Wealth, education and gender decided who could vote - No discussion of political equality or rights
39
22 Prairial HP
"...created a murder machine" (Sutherland)
40
Cult of the Supreme Being quote
"It’s not enough for him to be in charge, he has to be God." (Thuriot)
41
Cult of the Supreme Being
7 May 1794