AOS 2 - Consequences Flashcards

1
Q

The Terror
- Dates
- Stats
- Quotes

A
  • 5 September 93 - 27 July 94
  • Around 16,600 official executions
  • Speculated over 200,000 (including Vendée & revolts)
  • “Let terror be the order of the day.” (National Convention)
  • “Let us be terrible, in order that the people are not so.” (Danton)
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2
Q

Law of 22 Prairial
- Date
- What

A
  • 10 June 1794
  • Accused not permitted a defence counsel, to call witnesses or evidence in defence
  • Only outcome was acquittal or death
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3
Q

Committee of Public Safety
- Date
- Powers
- Who

A
  • April 1973
  • Unlimited powers - dealing with suspected counter-revolutionaries, economic and political control, conducting the war
  • Controlled ministers, generals, foreign policy, communes
  • Robespierre, Saint-Just, Couthon
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4
Q

Expulsion of Girondins
- Date
- Why

A
  • 31 May
  • Unpopular due to war, dislike for sans-culottes, and the trial of Marat
  • They condemned the September Massacres (beveur du sang)
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5
Q

September Massacres
- Date
- Quotes
- Stats
- Outcome
- Perspective

A
  • 2 September 1792
  • “Let the blood of traitors flow. That is the only way to save the country.” (Marat)
  • 1200 - 1400 prisoners killed
  • Sans-culottes = defenders of the revolution / uncontrollable political force
  • “Violence was the motor of the Revolution.” (Schama)
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6
Q

Storming of Tuileries Journee
- Date
- Who
- Significance

A
  • 10 August 1792
  • 20,000 Sans-culottes, aided by National Guard and fédérés, slay the Swiss guard
  • Louis and family arrested, the monarchy suspended
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7
Q

DORMAC Historian’s Perspective

A

“statement of bourgeois idealism.” (McPhee)

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8
Q

Confiscation and Sale of Church Land
- Date
- How much land
- Significance

A
  • 2 November 1789
  • Church owned 10% of all land in France
  • Reduced Church’s wealth and power
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9
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy
- Date
- Historian Perspective
- Significance

A
  • 12 July 1790
  • “the Assembly had virtually created a second large group of counter-revolutionaries where none had existed” (Adcock)
  • Made the Church subordinate to the state
  • Bishops reduced, clergy paid by state
  • Alienated Catholics
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10
Q

Clerical Oath
- Date
- Perspective
- What
- Significance

A
  • 27 November 1790
  • “[The Clerical Oath] offered a stark choice between religion and revolution.” (Aston)
  • All clergy must take an oath to the state and revolution
  • Louis XVI (devout Catholic) very uncomfortable > Flight to Varennes
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11
Q

Flight to Varennes
- Date
- Perspective
- Why?
- Significance

A
  • 20 June 1791
  • “The Flight to Varennes opened up the second great schism of the revolution.” (Doyle)
  • Civil Constitution of the Clergy, loss of absolute power, death of Mirabeau
  • Decline in support of king (traitor) and constitutional monarchy, increase in radicalism and republicanism
  • Assembly now had full power
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12
Q

End of Constitutional Monarchy Perspective

A

“By fleeing, one king renounced his sovereignty, while another king, the people, looked on.” (Richet)

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13
Q

Champ de Mars
- Date
- Perspective
- Stats

A
  • 17 July 1791
  • “A monstrous crime was committed: Louis XVI fled: he infamously abandoned his position.”
  • 50 killed, 12 injured
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14
Q

DORMAC
- Date
- Significance
- Not addressed…

A
  • 27 August 1789
  • Enshrined liberal ideas (LEF), ended absolutism, introduced National Constituent Assembly
  • Freedom of speech, press and religion
  • Rights of women and slaves
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15
Q

Night of Patriotic Delirium
- Date
- What

A
  • 4 August 1789
  • Liberal nobles renounce their privileges
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16
Q

August Decrees
- Dates
- Significance

A
  • 5-11 August 1789
  • Feudalism and privilege abolished, taxes equalised, everyone eligible for office
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17
Q

Women’s March to Versailles
- Date
- Why
- Stats
- Significance
- Perspective

A
  • 5 October 1789
  • Wanted to take king away from Versailles (after the banquet)
  • Over 7,000
  • King moved to Tuileries
  • “The king was now under virtual imprisonment.” (Schama)
18
Q

International War
- Date
- Perspective

A
  • April 1792
  • “…would be the single greatest force radicalising the revolution.” (Adcock)
19
Q

Brunswick Manifesto
- Date

A
  • 25 July 1792
20
Q

Law of Suspects
- Date
- What

A
  • 17 September 1793
  • All suspects could be arrested and condemned
21
Q

Terror Perspective

A

“A tightening spiral of repression, persecution, and the pursuit of ideological purity, ending with a procession of innocents to the guillotine.” (Andress)

22
Q

Terror - two largest groups

A

Peasants (28%) and Urban Workers (31%)

23
Q

Vendée Rebellion

A
  • March (Machaeoul - 500 dead) / April 1793
24
Q

Committee of General Security

A
  • October 1792
25
Q

Louis XVI execution
- Date

A
  • 21 January 1793
26
Q

Madame Roland quote

A

“We can be regenerated by blood alone.”

27
Q

Brissot quote

A

“We cannot be calm until Europe, all Europe, is in flames.”

28
Q

Sans-culottes quote

A
  • “The popular movement enjoyed a high tide of popular involvement and power.”
29
Q

Constitution of 1791
- Date

A
  • September 1791
30
Q

Federalist Revolt
- Date
- Where

A
  • June 1793
  • Lyon, Marseilles, Bordeaux, Toulon, Toulouse
31
Q

Constitution of 1793
- Date
- Significance
- However…

A
  • June 1793
  • Universal male suffrage, slavery abolished, direct elections, removed active and passive terms
  • Suspended “until peace is resolved”
32
Q

Bloodshed quote

A

“Bloodshed… was the source of [the Revolution’s] energy.” (Schama)

33
Q

Law of Maximum

A

29 September 1793

34
Q

Danton Death

A

5 April 1794

35
Q

Marie Antoinette execution

A

16 October 1793

36
Q

Thermidorian Reaction

A
  • 28-30 July 1794
  • Execution of Robespierre and colleagues
  • Terror dismantled, Montagnards eliminated
  • Moderates of the Plain remain
37
Q

1795 prices

A

750% higher than 1790

38
Q

Constitution of Year III

A

1795
- Voting equality removed
- Wealth, education and gender decided who could vote
- No discussion of political equality or rights

39
Q

22 Prairial HP

A

“…created a murder machine” (Sutherland)

40
Q

Cult of the Supreme Being quote

A

“It’s not enough for him to be in charge, he has to be God.” (Thuriot)

41
Q

Cult of the Supreme Being

A

7 May 1794