AOS 2 - Consequences Flashcards
The Terror
- Dates
- Stats
- Quotes
- 5 September 93 - 27 July 94
- Around 16,600 official executions
- Speculated over 200,000 (including Vendée & revolts)
- “Let terror be the order of the day.” (National Convention)
- “Let us be terrible, in order that the people are not so.” (Danton)
Law of 22 Prairial
- Date
- What
- 10 June 1794
- Accused not permitted a defence counsel, to call witnesses or evidence in defence
- Only outcome was acquittal or death
Committee of Public Safety
- Date
- Powers
- Who
- April 1973
- Unlimited powers - dealing with suspected counter-revolutionaries, economic and political control, conducting the war
- Controlled ministers, generals, foreign policy, communes
- Robespierre, Saint-Just, Couthon
Expulsion of Girondins
- Date
- Why
- 31 May
- Unpopular due to war, dislike for sans-culottes, and the trial of Marat
- They condemned the September Massacres (beveur du sang)
September Massacres
- Date
- Quotes
- Stats
- Outcome
- Perspective
- 2 September 1792
- “Let the blood of traitors flow. That is the only way to save the country.” (Marat)
- 1200 - 1400 prisoners killed
- Sans-culottes = defenders of the revolution / uncontrollable political force
- “Violence was the motor of the Revolution.” (Schama)
Storming of Tuileries Journee
- Date
- Who
- Significance
- 10 August 1792
- 20,000 Sans-culottes, aided by National Guard and fédérés, slay the Swiss guard
- Louis and family arrested, the monarchy suspended
DORMAC Historian’s Perspective
“statement of bourgeois idealism.” (McPhee)
Confiscation and Sale of Church Land
- Date
- How much land
- Significance
- 2 November 1789
- Church owned 10% of all land in France
- Reduced Church’s wealth and power
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
- Date
- Historian Perspective
- Significance
- 12 July 1790
- “the Assembly had virtually created a second large group of counter-revolutionaries where none had existed” (Adcock)
- Made the Church subordinate to the state
- Bishops reduced, clergy paid by state
- Alienated Catholics
Clerical Oath
- Date
- Perspective
- What
- Significance
- 27 November 1790
- “[The Clerical Oath] offered a stark choice between religion and revolution.” (Aston)
- All clergy must take an oath to the state and revolution
- Louis XVI (devout Catholic) very uncomfortable > Flight to Varennes
Flight to Varennes
- Date
- Perspective
- Why?
- Significance
- 20 June 1791
- “The Flight to Varennes opened up the second great schism of the revolution.” (Doyle)
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy, loss of absolute power, death of Mirabeau
- Decline in support of king (traitor) and constitutional monarchy, increase in radicalism and republicanism
- Assembly now had full power
End of Constitutional Monarchy Perspective
“By fleeing, one king renounced his sovereignty, while another king, the people, looked on.” (Richet)
Champ de Mars
- Date
- Perspective
- Stats
- 17 July 1791
- “A monstrous crime was committed: Louis XVI fled: he infamously abandoned his position.”
- 50 killed, 12 injured
DORMAC
- Date
- Significance
- Not addressed…
- 27 August 1789
- Enshrined liberal ideas (LEF), ended absolutism, introduced National Constituent Assembly
- Freedom of speech, press and religion
- Rights of women and slaves
Night of Patriotic Delirium
- Date
- What
- 4 August 1789
- Liberal nobles renounce their privileges
August Decrees
- Dates
- Significance
- 5-11 August 1789
- Feudalism and privilege abolished, taxes equalised, everyone eligible for office
Women’s March to Versailles
- Date
- Why
- Stats
- Significance
- Perspective
- 5 October 1789
- Wanted to take king away from Versailles (after the banquet)
- Over 7,000
- King moved to Tuileries
- “The king was now under virtual imprisonment.” (Schama)
International War
- Date
- Perspective
- April 1792
- “…would be the single greatest force radicalising the revolution.” (Adcock)
Brunswick Manifesto
- Date
- 25 July 1792
Law of Suspects
- Date
- What
- 17 September 1793
- All suspects could be arrested and condemned
Terror Perspective
“A tightening spiral of repression, persecution, and the pursuit of ideological purity, ending with a procession of innocents to the guillotine.” (Andress)
Terror - two largest groups
Peasants (28%) and Urban Workers (31%)
Vendée Rebellion
- March (Machaeoul - 500 dead) / April 1793
Committee of General Security
- October 1792
Louis XVI execution
- Date
- 21 January 1793
Madame Roland quote
“We can be regenerated by blood alone.”
Brissot quote
“We cannot be calm until Europe, all Europe, is in flames.”
Sans-culottes quote
- “The popular movement enjoyed a high tide of popular involvement and power.”
Constitution of 1791
- Date
- September 1791
Federalist Revolt
- Date
- Where
- June 1793
- Lyon, Marseilles, Bordeaux, Toulon, Toulouse
Constitution of 1793
- Date
- Significance
- However…
- June 1793
- Universal male suffrage, slavery abolished, direct elections, removed active and passive terms
- Suspended “until peace is resolved”
Bloodshed quote
“Bloodshed… was the source of [the Revolution’s] energy.” (Schama)
Law of Maximum
29 September 1793
Danton Death
5 April 1794
Marie Antoinette execution
16 October 1793
Thermidorian Reaction
- 28-30 July 1794
- Execution of Robespierre and colleagues
- Terror dismantled, Montagnards eliminated
- Moderates of the Plain remain
1795 prices
750% higher than 1790
Constitution of Year III
1795
- Voting equality removed
- Wealth, education and gender decided who could vote
- No discussion of political equality or rights
22 Prairial HP
“…created a murder machine” (Sutherland)
Cult of the Supreme Being quote
“It’s not enough for him to be in charge, he has to be God.” (Thuriot)
Cult of the Supreme Being
7 May 1794
