Rural and Urban Places Flashcards
What are some physical processes that have shaped the identity of Darling Harbour?
- Coastal processes
- erosion, deposition, weathering
- created bay (now Nawi Cove)
How have First Nations people shaped the identity of Darling Harbour?
- Once was a place for middens (hence name Cockle Bay)
- was a fishing area
- Named after Barangaroo who tried to defend the area from colonisers
How has technology shaped the identity of Darling Harbour?
- Technology needed for land reclamation extended area into deeper waters for ports
- Ferries for transport & tours
- Pyrmont Bridge for ships
- Construction technology needed to build approx. $961million The Star casino
How have urban dynamics shaped the identity of Darling Harbour?
- Urban decay - port was unusable as ships became larger and pollution became rampant (Bubonic plague)
- Led to urban renewal of area - became mixed zoning commercial/social/cultural area
- Led to urban consolidation & gentrification as more businesses and people moved to the area - desirable
How have politics shaped the identity of Darling Harbour?
- Controversy over casino - locals don’t like the influx of negative tourism
- Increases gambling, crime rates, and prositution
- Increased recognition as an Indigenous area - Aboriginal tours & cultural events
How have economics shaped the identity of Darling Harbour?
- Lots of income from casino - doesn’t go to local people
- Income from businessmen paying to go to ICC → income from staying at Mariott & Langham hotel
- Many restaurants and cafes - commercial area, no longer shipping port
- Commercial business industries - more of a business area
- Income from tourism
How has the demographic of Darling Harbour shaped its identity?
- Lots of tourism - leads to multiculturalism
- Very important to many Indigenous people
- Many rich people visit and live there - once was area for poorest people
What are some social changes that have happened in Darling Harbour?
- Once was area where very poor people lived → gentrification → now is very expensive
- Casino brings tourists & gamblers
- Increase in ‘high’ culture e.g. Sydney Lyric Theatre & Sydney Dance Company
- Langham & Mariott hotels encourage tourism
- Was First Nations country, now is very multicultural from tourism & international migration
What are some economic changes that have happened in Darling Harbour?
- Casino has brought income
- Changed from Industrial shipping port to mixed-zone area
- Now commercial/residential/cultural area, mostly tertiary businesses
- ICC brings lots of businessmen who pay to enter
What are some environmental changes that have happened in Darling Harbour?
- Urban decay - very dirty, polluted, industrial, poor → government began urban renewal when bubonic plague formed in area → now urban consolidation
- Was very industrial, now lots of green spaces from urban renewal
- Land reclamation → extended port area for bigger ships
- Train lines changed into recreational areas
- Planted native plants which don’t need extra water/fertilisers and are suited to area
- Reinstated Nawi Cove and used natural sandstone that was there originally
What are some environmental sustainability strategies used by Darling Harbour?
- Urban renewal → re-implementing green spaces, better for environment & air quality, reduces urban heat island effect
- Barangaroo Reserve planted native plants → don’t require extra water/fertilisers that would pollute water
- Sandstone in Nawi Cove created micro-habitats
- Gabions underwater → grows oysters which clean the water, encourages more people to use it
- Barangaroo living seawall → creates microhabitats to filter water, encourages fish to come & reduces erosion
What are some social sustainability strategies used by Darling Harbour?
- Implementing green spaces - improved wellbeing, exercise, socialisation, and mental health
- The Cloud building, very expensive → setting aside 48 units for key worker (nurses, police, teachers, etc.) housing in new developments, workers will be able to access housing in Barangaroo capped at 1/3 of their weekly incomes
- Designed to be a walkable area, everything within 5 minutes → improves physical & mental wellbeing
- Ground leves of each commercial tower used for restaurants, cafes, retail → encourages social interaction for workers, residents and visitors
What are some cultural sustainability strategies used by Darling Harbour?
- Attempted to make gathering space for Indigenous communities in the Cutaway - failed, only used for artisan markets
- Display of Indigenous history of area in maritime museum
- Native plants represent Indigenous heritage of area
- Chinese Garden of Friendship - established connection between Australia and China (many Chinese residents)
What are some economic sustainability strategies used by Darling Harbour?
- 23,000 workers will work in area when complete → strong growth in tertiary industries brings more income e.g. St George & Westpac international headquarters
- More transport links & Wynyard walk 4 minutes from station → brings more workers from other areas, e.g. New Sydney Metro extends into Barangaroo
- The Star & The Crown Casino → people come from China where gambling is illegal, spend money in local area, generates income
- ICC brings lots of businessmen who pay to enter and pay to hold conferences
What is a city?
- A highly organised centre of population
- typically have well-developed infrastructure and diverse economic activities
What is a megacity?
City with a population of at least 10million
What is a regional centre?
- Places that provide essential services to surrounding communities
- often characterised by factors such as population growth, increasing population density and growth in employment
What is a remote settlement?
A place that has less access to various goods and services because of its location and distance from larger urban settlements
What is a suburb?
- An urban area surrounding and connected to the central city
- Many are exclusively residential areas, but some may have their own commercial centre
What is an urban mega-region?
- An interconnected network of cities that have grown to form a unified economic and social system
- have common resources, transportation systems, economies and ecosystems
What is a village?
- A small clustering of people around a central point, like a church, marketplace or public space
- may also form in a line along a geographical feature, like a river or major transport link
What are the 3 settlement patterns?
- Dispersed
- Linear
- Nucleated
What is a dispersed settlement pattern?
Scattered buildings over a larger area
What is a nucleated settlement pattern?
Buildings close together around a central point
What is a linear settlement pattern?
Buildings are close together in a line, often along a river, road, or other transportation routes
What are nucleated and linear settlement patterns classified as?
clustered settlements
What are 3 location-related factors that can influence settlements?
- Climate
- Natural resources
- Topography
How does climate influence settlement?
- Temperature, rainfall, and wind affect liveability for humans
- Extreme climates can be uncomfortable and dangerous for people to live in
- Clustered settlements are typically found in extreme climates to provide shelter - closely grouped buildings absorb and radiate heat
- Mild climate regions are usually more dispersed settlements
How do natural resources influence settlements?
- Humans rely on water, fertile land, and food
- Settlements are often next to these resources
- Places scarce in natural resources tend to be clustered settlements to share and optimise access to limited resources
- Places abundant in natural resources tend to be more dispersed
How does topography influence settlements?
- Easier to build on flat terrain - forms clustered settlements
- Mountainous areas are harder to build houses - tends to be dispersed
What are two size-related factors that influence settlements?
- population
- economic opportunities
How do economic opportunities & population influence settlements?
- Places rich in natural resources offer inputs for producing goods and services e.g. farming and mining
- ↳ More opportunities attract more jobs and more people
- ↳ Expands in size
- ↳ Dispersed settlements might grow into larger clustered settlements
- Declining economic opportunities result in less jobs and smaller populations
What is the hierarchy of settlements?
Megacities → cities → suburbs → villages → remote settlements
What is the population, urban function, and sphere of influence of remote settlements?
- Small populations (< 500) often dispersed over large area or clustered into small groups
- Largely function as agricultural or mining areas, maybe tourism
- Sphere of influence is limited to immediate settlement area due to small population and isolation, and lack of services
What is the population, urban function, and sphere of influence of cities?
- Large populations (50,000-10million)
- Administrative, industrial, commercial, religious, cultural, and social hubs
- Extends into multiple surrounding regions, even global scales
- Highly specialised services (banks, Unis, hospitals, widespread transport infrastructure, local or state gov offices)
- Attract many people, investors, and resources from surrounding areas
What is the population, urban function, and sphere of influence of megacities?
- Very large population (10million+)
- Same as cities but on a larger scale - often gateways between domestic and global communities
- Sphere of influences extends into national and global scales
- Services are similar to cities, but they have more services for larger populations and global markets
What is the population, urban function, and sphere of influence of suburbs?
- Larger populations (3000-5000)
- Primarily residential areas, but many have become commercial areas
- Covers a broader region, extending into multiple suburbs within local area
- Essential services (schools, health clinics) and specialised services (parks, banks, retail, restaurants)
- Commuters travel between suburbs for employment and these services
What is the population, urban function, and sphere of influence of villages?
- Relatively small populations (500-3000) clustered around a central point or line
- Mostly function as small market towns, tourist areas, or bridging points between communities
- Extends into neighbouring areas because they have accessible transport infrastructure - larger sphere of influence
- A few specialised services and more variety than remote settlements
