Changing Places 2 Flashcards
What is used to determine the develpoment of countries?
Human Development Index (HDI)
What does the HDI include?
life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita
Define multiculturalism
the presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society
Define segregation
The separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary barriers to social connection
Define the Salad Bowl Theory
immigrants keep their own basic beliefs and ways of life while adapting to the general charactersitics of the culture
Define the Melting Pot Theory
immigrant groups blend into the culture adding items to the culture but not keeping strong ties to their culture and background
What is the difference between and immigrant and and emmigrant?
People who come to a country are immigrants, people who leave a country are emmigrants
Where did the most people who immigrated to Australia from 2015-16 come from?
India, China and the UK
What are 6 main reasons for moving to Australia?
- job opportunities
- good healthcare
- democracy
- family reunions
- high standard of living
- good human rights record
Why may immigrants choose to live in a particular suburb?
Places of worship, language spoken, cultural food availability (e.g. kosher, halal)
Why do migrants tend to move to capital cities?
Job opportunities, access to facilities, and housing
What were the main reasons for moving to Australia in the 20th century?
People moving after WWII and people seeking a greater quality of life and safety
What type of visa do most Australian immigrants hold?
skilled visas
Why did the Australian government allow workers from the pacific island nations to come during the COVID pandemic?
there were crop losses due to labour shortages
Why did WWII decrease Australia’s birth rate?
most men left for overseas
What is the government doing to stop immigrants from moving into big cities?
Skilled migrants are being encouraged to move to regional Australia to take the pressure off of big cities and provide regional employers with skilled workers
Why did people in Australia begin to have more children after WWII?
In order to have more protection as 7 million Australians couldn’t protect the whole land mass
How many British migrants did Australia want after WWII?
10 British for every 1 non British
What did the 1901 White Australia policy do?
It restricted migration access to POC and non-Christians
What replaced the White Australia Policy?
The 1958 Migration Act (allowed POC and non-Christians, increased multiculturalism)
How many displaced people are there in the world?
82.4million
What is an asylum seeker?
a person looking for protection because they have experienced violence, human rights violations or fear persecution
What is a refugee?
A person who asked for protection and was given refugee status, they may have been resettled in another country or be waiting for resettlement
What happens if you come to Australia without a valid visa?
Mandatory detention or you may be sent back
Who hosts the most refugees?
Turkey (3.8m)
Where do 2/3rds of refugees come from?
- Syria
- Venezuela
- Afghanistan
- South Sudan
- Myanmar
What do people given refugee status receive?
- Permanent residency
- income support payments
- caseworkers
- help for finding housing
- English classes
What are the 3 different age groupings of population profiles?
< 15 (dependant)
15-64 (independant)
65+ (dependant)
What age grouping is the workforce?
15-64
Why does a low infant mortality rate = less children?
You can have 1 child and expect it to survive past 5
What are the contemporary causes for Indian immigration to Australia?
- higher education
- skilled visas
- family that already lives in Australia
- Encouragement from the Australian Government
Where do the most Indian people live?
VIC, NSW, QLD, WA. Mostly VIC
What have Indian people contributed to Australia?
Many were given skilled visas in software and programming and arrived as young worker, diversifying the workforce by age and race
Describe the history of Indian immigration to Australia
- In the early 19th century small groups arrived as convicts, others came as labourers or servants for British subiects in Aus
- In the late 19th century more Indians came to find work and were welcomed because India was a British colony
What makes a country “young”?
30% of its population is < 15
