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Geography > Changing Places 2 > Flashcards

Changing Places 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is used to determine the develpoment of countries?

A

Human Development Index (HDI)

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2
Q

What does the HDI include?

A

life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita

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3
Q

Define multiculturalism

A

the presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society

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4
Q

Define segregation

A

The separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary barriers to social connection

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5
Q

Define the Salad Bowl Theory

A

immigrants keep their own basic beliefs and ways of life while adapting to the general charactersitics of the culture

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6
Q

Define the Melting Pot Theory

A

immigrant groups blend into the culture adding items to the culture but not keeping strong ties to their culture and background

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7
Q

What is the difference between and immigrant and and emmigrant?

A

People who come to a country are immigrants, people who leave a country are emmigrants

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8
Q

Where did the most people who immigrated to Australia from 2015-16 come from?

A

India, China and the UK

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9
Q

What are 6 main reasons for moving to Australia?

A
  1. job opportunities
  2. good healthcare
  3. democracy
  4. family reunions
  5. high standard of living
  6. good human rights record
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10
Q

Why may immigrants choose to live in a particular suburb?

A

Places of worship, language spoken, cultural food availability (e.g. kosher, halal)

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11
Q

Why do migrants tend to move to capital cities?

A

Job opportunities, access to facilities, and housing

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12
Q

What were the main reasons for moving to Australia in the 20th century?

A

People moving after WWII and people seeking a greater quality of life and safety

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13
Q

What type of visa do most Australian immigrants hold?

A

skilled visas

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14
Q

Why did the Australian government allow workers from the pacific island nations to come during the COVID pandemic?

A

there were crop losses due to labour shortages

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15
Q

Why did WWII decrease Australia’s birth rate?

A

most men left for overseas

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16
Q

What is the government doing to stop immigrants from moving into big cities?

A

Skilled migrants are being encouraged to move to regional Australia to take the pressure off of big cities and provide regional employers with skilled workers

17
Q

Why did people in Australia begin to have more children after WWII?

A

In order to have more protection as 7 million Australians couldn’t protect the whole land mass

18
Q

How many British migrants did Australia want after WWII?

A

10 British for every 1 non British

19
Q

What did the 1901 White Australia policy do?

A

It restricted migration access to POC and non-Christians

20
Q

What replaced the White Australia Policy?

A

The 1958 Migration Act (allowed POC and non-Christians, increased multiculturalism)

21
Q

How many displaced people are there in the world?

A

82.4million

22
Q

What is an asylum seeker?

A

a person looking for protection because they have experienced violence, human rights violations or fear persecution

23
Q

What is a refugee?

A

A person who asked for protection and was given refugee status, they may have been resettled in another country or be waiting for resettlement

24
Q

What happens if you come to Australia without a valid visa?

A

Mandatory detention or you may be sent back

25
Q

Who hosts the most refugees?

A

Turkey (3.8m)

26
Q

Where do 2/3rds of refugees come from?

A
  1. Syria
  2. Venezuela
  3. Afghanistan
  4. South Sudan
  5. Myanmar
27
Q

What do people given refugee status receive?

A
  • Permanent residency
  • income support payments
  • caseworkers
  • help for finding housing
  • English classes
28
Q

What are the 3 different age groupings of population profiles?

A

< 15 (dependant)
15-64 (independant)
65+ (dependant)

29
Q

What age grouping is the workforce?

A

15-64

30
Q

Why does a low infant mortality rate = less children?

A

You can have 1 child and expect it to survive past 5

31
Q

What are the contemporary causes for Indian immigration to Australia?

A
  • higher education
  • skilled visas
  • family that already lives in Australia
  • Encouragement from the Australian Government
32
Q

Where do the most Indian people live?

A

VIC, NSW, QLD, WA. Mostly VIC

33
Q

What have Indian people contributed to Australia?

A

Many were given skilled visas in software and programming and arrived as young worker, diversifying the workforce by age and race

34
Q

Describe the history of Indian immigration to Australia

A
  • In the early 19th century small groups arrived as convicts, others came as labourers or servants for British subiects in Aus
  • In the late 19th century more Indians came to find work and were welcomed because India was a British colony
35
Q

What makes a country “young”?

A

30% of its population is < 15

Geography (10 decks)

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