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Geography > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a conurbation?

A

an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city

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2
Q

What are some challenges to food production?

A
  • water scarcity
  • competing land uses (biofuels, urbanisation)
  • climate change
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3
Q

Define food security

A

When someone at all times has physical & economic access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.

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4
Q

Define a food desert

A

It exists where it is more than 1.6km to the nearest grocer, and less than that distance to the nearest takeaway shop

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5
Q

Define urbanisation

A

The process of economic and social change in which an increasing proprtion of the population live in urban areas

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6
Q

What causes urbanisation?

A

People needing a more reliable source of income, trade ports, new agricultural technology allowing for permanent source of food, population density & distribution, and an increasing demand for jobs due to industries

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7
Q

Define a push factor

A

an unfavourable quality or attribute of a person’s current location that drives them to move elsewhere

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8
Q

Define a pull factor

A

a favourable quality or attribute that attracts people to a particular location

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9
Q

What are factors influencing urban concentration?

A
  • climate and topography
  • transportation networks
  • perceptions of liveability
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10
Q

What affects perceptions of liveability?

A
  • stability (crime, safety, civil unrest, political stability)
  • healthcare (how long to hospital, healthcare services)
  • culture & environment
  • education
  • infrastructure
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11
Q

What are some consequences of urbanisation?

A

pollution, poor housing conditions, traffic, high energy consumption

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12
Q

Define gentrification

A

the process where a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, often displacing current inhabitants in the process

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13
Q

Define urban sprawl

A

the rapid expansion of cities and towns, often characterised by low density housing and single-use zoning

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14
Q

What are the negative consequences of urban sprawl?

A

Cities grow onto land that requires vegetation removal which decreases habitats, decreases soil fertility, and dries the topsoil

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15
Q

Define greenfield development

A

undeveloped land that is released for housing development, usually on outer suburbs of a city

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16
Q

What is an example of greenfield development?

A

Expansions of Greater Sydney causing:
* increased population
* negative impact of sustainability and ecological footprint
* increased traffic from strain on public transport
* loss of arable land
* increased pollution

17
Q

What is bluefield development?

A

Development that occurs on land close to the waterfront (can be subject to flooding)

18
Q

What is greyfield development?

A

The redevelopment of land that is underutuilised as it uses old technology. It is cheap and easy to develop

19
Q

What is brownfield development?

A

The redevelopment of land that was previously used for industrial uses that may be contaminated. The cost of cleaning up contamination can be very high

20
Q

What is urban renewal?

A

The redevelopment of an area within a city

21
Q

What is urban renewal?

A

The redevelopment of an area within a city

22
Q

What does urban renewal do?

A
  • allows for economic growth
  • improves aesthetic value
  • improves quality of life
23
Q

What is decentralisation?

A

the transfer of control of an activity or organisation to several local offices or authorities rather than one single one.

24
Q

What are the pros of decentralisation?

A

Many people of middle and low rankings can make decisions, managers understand the consumer better, and organisations are self sufficient

25
Q

Define migrant labour

A

casual and unskilled workers who move about systematically from one region to another offering their services on a temporary, usually seasonal basis

26
Q

Why have Chinese people been moving away from rural-urban areas?

A

Fewer labourers were needed there, city jobs offered higher incomes, and city life is more desirable

27
Q

When was the rural population in China allowed to move to urban areas?

A

2012

28
Q

What are two positives of being a FIFO worker?

A
  1. accomodation and transport is payed for
  2. very high salary
29
Q

What are two negatives of being a FIFO worker?

A
  1. it can put stress on relationships
  2. very hard jobs
30
Q

Why aren’t permanent residents of remote towns in favour of FIFO workers?

A

Their wages are invested in the town which increases the cost of living

31
Q

Why do Australians move within the country?

A

higher education, labour force entry, partnership formation, job change, first childbearing

32
Q

What was COVID’s impact on internal migration away from cities?

A

6,000 more people left the cities for the opportunity of working from a remote location and less lockdowns

33
Q

Why did people move away from cities from 2011-2016?

A

overpopulation and high expenses

34
Q

Why are transport corridors being created?

A

to allow movement between urban centres

35
Q

When cities and towns expand…

A

the cost of renting and buying a house increases

36
Q

What are two problems the ‘three cities’ plan is expected to face?

A

the departure of young people out of Sydney which decreases economic growth, and to create a stronger economy

37
Q

Why are young adults more likely to move within Australia?

A

they are enticed by employment opportunities and don’t have many responsibilties

38
Q

How can governments and local towns help safeguard the homes and wellbeing of vulnerable people if their town becomes a popular place for sea/tree change?

A

providing targeted services for those who are on low income/unwell

39
Q

What is Hukou in China?

A

A type of passport - either rural or urban - that determines where someone has access to social services like hopsitals and schools

Geography (10 decks)

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