Changing Places Flashcards
What is a conurbation?
an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city
What are some challenges to food production?
- water scarcity
- competing land uses (biofuels, urbanisation)
- climate change
Define food security
When someone at all times has physical & economic access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.
Define a food desert
It exists where it is more than 1.6km to the nearest grocer, and less than that distance to the nearest takeaway shop
Define urbanisation
The process of economic and social change in which an increasing proprtion of the population live in urban areas
What causes urbanisation?
People needing a more reliable source of income, trade ports, new agricultural technology allowing for permanent source of food, population density & distribution, and an increasing demand for jobs due to industries
Define a push factor
an unfavourable quality or attribute of a person’s current location that drives them to move elsewhere
Define a pull factor
a favourable quality or attribute that attracts people to a particular location
What are factors influencing urban concentration?
- climate and topography
- transportation networks
- perceptions of liveability
What affects perceptions of liveability?
- stability (crime, safety, civil unrest, political stability)
- healthcare (how long to hospital, healthcare services)
- culture & environment
- education
- infrastructure
What are some consequences of urbanisation?
pollution, poor housing conditions, traffic, high energy consumption
Define gentrification
the process where a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, often displacing current inhabitants in the process
Define urban sprawl
the rapid expansion of cities and towns, often characterised by low density housing and single-use zoning
What are the negative consequences of urban sprawl?
Cities grow onto land that requires vegetation removal which decreases habitats, decreases soil fertility, and dries the topsoil
Define greenfield development
undeveloped land that is released for housing development, usually on outer suburbs of a city
What is an example of greenfield development?
Expansions of Greater Sydney causing:
* increased population
* negative impact of sustainability and ecological footprint
* increased traffic from strain on public transport
* loss of arable land
* increased pollution
What is bluefield development?
Development that occurs on land close to the waterfront (can be subject to flooding)
What is greyfield development?
The redevelopment of land that is underutuilised as it uses old technology. It is cheap and easy to develop
What is brownfield development?
The redevelopment of land that was previously used for industrial uses that may be contaminated. The cost of cleaning up contamination can be very high
What is urban renewal?
The redevelopment of an area within a city
What is urban renewal?
The redevelopment of an area within a city
What does urban renewal do?
- allows for economic growth
- improves aesthetic value
- improves quality of life
What is decentralisation?
the transfer of control of an activity or organisation to several local offices or authorities rather than one single one.
What are the pros of decentralisation?
Many people of middle and low rankings can make decisions, managers understand the consumer better, and organisations are self sufficient
Define migrant labour
casual and unskilled workers who move about systematically from one region to another offering their services on a temporary, usually seasonal basis
Why have Chinese people been moving away from rural-urban areas?
Fewer labourers were needed there, city jobs offered higher incomes, and city life is more desirable
When was the rural population in China allowed to move to urban areas?
2012
What are two positives of being a FIFO worker?
- accomodation and transport is payed for
- very high salary
What are two negatives of being a FIFO worker?
- it can put stress on relationships
- very hard jobs
Why aren’t permanent residents of remote towns in favour of FIFO workers?
Their wages are invested in the town which increases the cost of living
Why do Australians move within the country?
higher education, labour force entry, partnership formation, job change, first childbearing
What was COVID’s impact on internal migration away from cities?
6,000 more people left the cities for the opportunity of working from a remote location and less lockdowns
Why did people move away from cities from 2011-2016?
overpopulation and high expenses
Why are transport corridors being created?
to allow movement between urban centres
When cities and towns expand…
the cost of renting and buying a house increases
What are two problems the ‘three cities’ plan is expected to face?
the departure of young people out of Sydney which decreases economic growth, and to create a stronger economy
Why are young adults more likely to move within Australia?
they are enticed by employment opportunities and don’t have many responsibilties
How can governments and local towns help safeguard the homes and wellbeing of vulnerable people if their town becomes a popular place for sea/tree change?
providing targeted services for those who are on low income/unwell
What is Hukou in China?
A type of passport - either rural or urban - that determines where someone has access to social services like hopsitals and schools
