rural

Question 1

lake district - footpath erosion problem

Answer 1

thousands of walkers churned up the path which wears away the surface vegetation that exposes the soil. it also causes the soil to become compacted.
heavy rain will also cause surface run-off which accelerates the erosion which can scar the hillside and form deep gullies
due to footpath erosion, the footpath can widen as walkers move away from the path. can cause bottlenecks which are areas of heavy erosion that are channelled along the same route

Question 2

lake district- litter problem

Answer 2

many walkers carelessly dispose of there litter mistakenly believeing that it is organic waste
discarded “glow sticks” are also found along the paths where walkers have used them as cheap navigation while walking at night
human excrement has also been found along the route

Question 3

lake district- traffic congestion problem

Answer 3

In summer the route is heavily congested which increases the journey times for local people/farmers
farmers access to fields may also be blocked by inconsiderate parking

Question 4

lake district- solutions to footpath erosion

Answer 4

flagstones/granite were carried in and using stone pitching methods create a series of hard wearing stone paths. the gravel is packed down to create a hard wearing path
cross drains or conduits are also built into path to prevent surface run off
gullys are packed with sheep fleece to trap and hold hard soil washed out. this allows the soil to be retained on the hill and reseeded

Question 5

lake district- soloutions to litter problems

Answer 5

the national trust run series of litter picks all year round
the car park at wasdale is also equipped with wheelie bins and notices are found and the visitors centre to promote the country codes to encourage walkers to take there litter home

Question 6

lake district- solutions to congestion

Answer 6

a car park is situated at wasdale car park it is small but there are plans for a refurbishment

Question 7

lake district - effectiveness of solutions for footpath erosion

Answer 7

are effective in preventing erosion but do not stop new paths from forming ,
the national trust also encourages walker to take part in three peaks challenge which allows staggered start times to avoid congestion
litter problem still remains a problem at scalfell pike and litter bins are an unwanted cost
temporary toilets do not get cleaned enough
car park quickly fills up so many still park on the road and it has a charge so many reuse to pay this

Question 8

lake district - nitrate phosphate problem

Answer 8

in windemere catchment
farming :
large head produce manure and they trample on land which compacts the soil this reduces infiltration and increases surface run off. they also apply fertiliser and this and manure are washed into the water course

tourists/local:
as population increases in summer there are higher levels of sewage, hotels also use commercial laundry detergents that contain large amounts of phosphate

Question 9

why is nitrate/ phosphate a problem

Answer 9

it causes eutrophication which is the build up of algae which will block sunlight out and decrease oxygen levels, means that wildlife is suffocated and algae blooms will also cause skin irritations when events such as the bug chill occur

Question 10

solutions for nitrate/phosphate problem