running water (LEC 9) Flashcards
the unending circulation of water through the earth’s different spheres. what is this cycle called
the hydrological cycle
finish the processes of the hydrological cycle
- evaporation
2.
3.
4.
5.
- evaporation
- precipitation
- infiltration
- runoff
- transpiration
NOTE: since evaporation and transpiration involve water going into the atmosphere, they are considered as the combined process called “evapotranspiration”
any segment along the course of a stream is called?
reach
bends or loops that form in low-lying areas of stream channels are called
meanders
smaller streams that feed a major stream are called
tributaries
what is a drainage basin
it is the land area drained by a stream and its tributaries. (also called a watershed)
a river system can be divided into three zones, which are (3)
zone of sediment production
zone of sediment transport
zone of sediment deposition
streams transport sediment load in three ways:
dissolved load
suspended load
bed load
describe each one
dissolved load: soluble compounds are dispersed throughout the flow
suspended load: largest particles are carried in suspension
bed load: portion of stream load too large to be carried in suspension, therefore moves along the bottom of the bed by sliding, rolling and saltation
what are the four types of drainage patterns
dendritic
radial
rectangular
trellis
describe a dendritic drainage pattern
options:
a. right-angle bends
b. forms in areas with alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock
c. irregular branching pattern of a deciduous tree
d. streams diverge from a central area
c. irregular branching pattern of a deciduous tree
describe a radial drainage pattern
options:
a. forms in areas with alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock
b. right-angle bends
c. irregular branching pattern of a deciduous tree
d. streams diverge from a central area
d. streams diverge from a central area
describe a rectangular drainage pattern
options:
a. irregular branching pattern of a deciduous tree
b. streams diverge from a central area
c. right-angle bends
d. forms in areas with alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock
c. right-angle bends
describe a trellis drainage pattern
a. streams diverge from a central area
b. forms in areas with alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock
c. right-angle bends
d. irregular branching pattern of a deciduous tree
b. forms in areas with alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock
what are regional floods
a. larger flood occurs, causing a dam constructed to contain small floods to fail and water is released as a flash flood
b. occurs with little warning, causes rapid rise in water level and devastating flow velocity
c. predictable rapid snowmelt in spring or heavy spring rain that overwhelms rivers
d. stream level rises, breaking up ice that can accumulate on channel
obstructions causing a temporary dam
c. predictable rapid snowmelt in spring or heavy spring rain that overwhelms rivers
what are the four types of floods
regional flood
flash flood
ice-jam flood
dam-failure flood
