assignment 2 Flashcards
where do most metamorphic rocks form?
a. between 10 and 100 meters beneath Earth’s surface
b. between 10 and 100 kilometers beneath Earth’s surface
c. between a few and many meters beneath Earth’s surface
d. between a few and many kilometers beneath Earth’s surface
d. between a few and many kilometers beneath Earth’s surface
how do metamorphic rocks reach Earth’s surface?
a. through uncovering by humans
b. through burial under overlying rocks
c. through eruption from volcanoes
d. through removal of overlying rocks
d. through removal of overlying rocks
which two rock types would you expect to see sitting next to each other after a very long period characterized by only uplift and erosion?
a. metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
b. metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks
c. hard and soft rocks
d. extrusive igneous and intrusive igneous rocks
a. metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
could metamorphic rocks reach the surface of a planet without rock-uplifting processes?
a. yes, for metamorphic rock to be exposed, rock must be deposited on it.
b. no, metamorphic rocks must be uplifted and exposed by erosion.
c. no, to be exposed, metamorphic rocks must be uplifted and deposited.
d. yes, for metamorphic rock to be exposed, it must be eroded from above.
b. no, metamorphic rocks must be uplifted and exposed by erosion.
how will minerals grow when a rock is put under normal stress?
a. random to the direction of the greatest stress
b. oblique to the direction of the greatest stress
c. perpendicular to the direction of the greatest stress
d. parallel to the direction of the greatest stress
c. perpendicular to the direction of the greatest stress
how will minerals orient when a rock is put under shear stress?
a. perpendicular to the direction of the shear stress
b. parallel to the direction of the shear stress
c. random to the direction of the shear stress
d. oblique to the direction of the shear stress
b. parallel to the direction of the shear stress
why do bands of minerals form when rocks are put under normal stress?
a. atoms migrate to new locations, and minerals reform.
b. minerals dissolve, atoms migrate to new locations, and minerals reform.
c. minerals migrate to new locations, and atoms reform.
d. atoms dissolve, minerals migrate to new locations, and atoms reform.
b. minerals dissolve, atoms migrate to new locations, and minerals reform.
which processes result in mineral flattening during metamorphism?
a. crystallization followed by deposition
b. deposition followed by crystallization
c. dissolution followed by crystallization
d. crystallization followed by dissolution
c. dissolution followed by crystallization
what is C-14 dating
this process is often known as radiocarbon dating. It is used to determine both historical and recent events of archeological artifacts of biological origin such as bone, cloth, wood, and plant fibers.
what is U-235 dating
this is used to determine the age of inorganic substances such as ancient rocks and minerals.
what are the basic principles used in relative geologic dating (3)
*principle of inclusions
*principle of cross-cutting relationships
*principle of superposition
which of the following statements regarding joints is
true?
a. joints and faults are the same thing.
b. joints are fractures in rocks where very little to no movement has occurred.
c. joints are cracks in rocks where movement has occurred on one side with respect to the
other.
d. joints result from ductile deformation of rocks deep in the Earth’s crust.
e. joints are only formed in sedimentary rocks
b. joints are fractures in rocks where very little to no movement has occurred.
what is the underlying principle of seismograph construction?
a. a heavy weight suspended within a moving box needs to overcome inertia, resulting in a slight delay in the motion of the weight after the box moves.
b. a moving box containing a heavy weight needs to overcome inertia, resulting in a slight delay in the motion of the box after the weight moves.
a. a heavy weight suspended within a moving box needs to overcome inertia, resulting in a slight delay in the motion of the weight after the box moves.
how long does it typically take for the first earthquake waves to arrive at a seismograph that is some distance away from the epicenter after the earthquake occurs
several mins
which of the three types of seismic waves reached the seismograph first
a. surface wave
b. P wave
c. S wave
b. P wave
