Ruminant Forestomach Flashcards
Rumen analysis
Wet mount- Look at population and motility of protozoa
Indigestion difference between horse and cattle
Cattle bloat with esophageal obstruction
Simple indigestion
Depression
Dismissed appetite
Decreased rumen
Rumen distinction
Severe indigestion
Sudden dramatic change Decreased appetite Decreased milk Recumbent Dehydration Rumen stasis w gas cap
lactic acidosis
Anorexia Increase hr Recumbent Bloat Blindness Coma
Cause of lactic acidosis
High forage/low concentrate diet
Rumen pH drops
Microbial death
D-lactate produced
Indigestion diagnosis
Lactic acidosis
- high anion gap
- decreased Ca/Mg
- increase PVC and Hb
Indigestion- treatment for simple/severe
Ruminotoric
Calcium
Good forage
Lactic acidosis treatment
IV fluids (no bicarb) Rumenotomy Transfaunation Ca/Mg Antibiotics
Indigestion prognosis
Simple - good
lactose - high mortality
Sequels to indigestion
Fungal or bacterial rumenitis
Peritonitis, hepatic abscess, vena cava thrombosis
Indigestion prevention
Gradual introduction to grains
Free gas bloat
High grain diets
Rumen outflow failure
Obstruction
Calves <6 mo
Free gas bloat clinical signs
Left side ping
Left side abdominal distention
Sudden death
Necropsy: bloat line
Free gas bloat treatment
Pass a stomach tube
Frothy bloat cause
Lush pasture
-legumes
-high solvable protein
Produce stable foam
Frothy bloat clinical signs
No ping
Frothy bloat treatment
Antifoaming agents
Oral fluids
Calcium
Traumatic reticulitis
Bailing wire, nails, hypodermic needles
Common in late pregnancy
TRP clinical signs
Drop in milk Anorexia Decreased poops Fever Increased HR Cranial abdominal pain
Local TRP clinical signs
Vague after 24 hr
Variable degree of pain
TRP diagnosis
History PE Lab data -leukopenia U/S Rad
TRP treatment
Stall confinement
Magnet
Antibiotics
Symptomatic therapy
TRP treatment
Magnets
Environment management
Vagal indigestion
Forestomach are not working as well as they should
Predisposing factors of vagal indigestion
Hardware disease (TRP) Irritation of vagal nerve
Vagal indigestion clinical signs
Reduced feed intake Decreased milk Bradycardia Variable rumen sounds L-shape from behind
Vagal indigestion diagnosis
History PE Lab data Rumen analysis U/S Rads
abomasum outflow obstruction lab findings
Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
Vagal indigestion DDx
Indigestion
Bloat
Exploratory laparotomy
Vagal indigestion prognosis
Extremely poor with adhesion formation or neoplasia
Pregnant animals improve
Left Abdominal displacement
Moves between rumen and left abdominal wall
Any age
Most common lactating dairy cattle
LDA Clinical signs
Decline in milk
Left sided ping
LDA treatment
Surgery
Fluid
Rolling
RDA
Right sided ping
Same as LDA for everything
Abomasal volvulus clinical signs
Same as normal displacement only more dramatic
Treatment of abomasum volvulus
More of an emergency than normal displacement
Abomasal volvulus prognosis
Worse than normal displacement
Abomasal Ulceration causes
Intense rearing
Stress
concurrent disease
NSAID therapy
Non perforated abomasal ulceration
With or without hemorrhage
Perforated abomasal ulceration
Similar to hardware disease
Local or generalized peritonitis
Abomasal ulceration clinical signs
Similar to hardware
Bleeding non perforating ulcers
-Dark tarry feces
abomasal ulceration diagnosis
History PE
Lab data
abomasal ulceration treatment
High quality forage Stall confinement Antibiotic Blood transfusion (No antacid oral meds in adult)
abomasal ulceration prognosis
Poor if perforated
Good if bleeding but not perforated
Why will oral antacid treatment only work in calves
Calves do not absorb in rumen so the meds can go to the small intestine
