Ruminant Diarrhea Flashcards
How do you group neonatal diarrhea
By age
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) characteristics
Major cause of calf mortality
Hypersecretory
STa is most important toxin in calves
ETEC clinical signs
1-7 days of age
Diarrhea dehydration
ETEC lab data
Metabolic acidosis
Electrolyte derangement
Alkaline fecal pH
ETEC diagnosis
Age
Clin signs
Lab date
Fecal isolation of E. coli
ETEC prevention
Clean environment
Colostrum
Rotavirus characteristics
Short incubation
Calves <2 weeks
Severity related to age
Similar to E. coli
Rotavirus pathophysiology
Small intestine
Villous tips
Net secretion
Rotavirus clinical signs
Variable Age determines severity Lethargy dehydration Low appetites Fever Diarrhea
Rotavirus diagnosis
Electron microscopy
ELISA
Acidic fecal pH
Rotavirus prevention
Highly infectious/contagious
Phenol-based disinfect
Vaccination of dry cows
Coronavirus characteristics
Older calves
Small intestine and colon
Jejunal villi
1-25% mortality
Coronavirus clinical signs
Depression Diarrhea Dehydration Feces has clear mucus Lasts 7 days
Coronavirus diagnosis
Fecal tests
ELISA
She’d by heathy cattle
FA test of tissues
Coronavirus prevention
Environmental management
Vaccination
Colostrum
Salmonellosis characteristics
Feco-oral rout
Distal small intestine, cecum, colon
Calves commonly bacteremic
Salmonellosis clinical signs
4 to >14 days
Fever
Diarrhea
-bloody
Salmonellosis lab data
WBC -left shift/toxicity Dehydration Metabolic acidosis Decreased sodium/chloride
Salmonellosis diagnosis
Blood culture
Fecal culture
Necropsy
Salmonellosis prevention
Environmental hygiene
Crypto characteristics
5-15days
High morbidity
Low mortality
Fecal oral
Crypto clinical signs
non specific
Dehydration
Resolves after 7 days
Crypto diagnosis
Acid fast staining
Attaching and effacing E. coli
Variable age Produce cytotoxins -intestinal damage Blood in feces Malabsorption, maldigestion, protein loss
Coccidiosis
Eimeria
2-4 months
Coccidiosis clinical signs
Loose feces
Dull hair
Wont thrive
Can have bloody diarrhea
Coccidiosis diagnosis
Fecal float
Clostridium perfringens
Calves <14 days
C. Perfringens clinical signs
Abdominal distention Cholic Lethargy Dehydration Diarrhea -low vol, bloody CNS signs
C. perfringens diagnosis
Clinical sings
Toxin identification
C. Perfringens treatment
Antibiotics
% dehydration of recumbent calves
12-15%
% dehydration of weak calves
8-12%
% dehydration of ambulatory calves
5-8%
Salmonella in cows
Most common cause of diarrhea
Direct/indirect transmission
Why is S. Dublin special
Vertical transmission
Salmonella clinical signs
Highly variable
3-20 days
S. Dublin clinical signs
Localize in mammary gland, lung, uterus, fetus
Salmonella acute cases
Drop in milk Fever Lethargy Watery fetid diarrhea Abortion
Salmonella diagnosis
Bacterial culture
Rectal biopsy
Salmonella treatment
Fluid
NSAID
Winter dysentery characteristics
Explosive outbreaks of diarrhea between October and April
Coronavirus
Highly morbitiy Low mortality
Highly contagious
Water dysentery clinical signs
Fever
Acute fetid watery diarrhea
Decreased appietite
Resolve in 5 days
Johne’s disease characteristics
Chronic diarrhea
Weight loss
Infection early in life
2-6 year clinical onset
johne’s clinical signs
Chronic intermittent diarrhea
Decrease milk
Weight loss
Edema
Johne’s diagnosis
MAP: herd
PCR: individual
Johne’s control
Biosecurity
Manure control
Preventions of johne’s
Clean things
Colostrum management
proper calf rearing
Clean water
Bovine virus diarrhea
Sero-negative immunocompetent animals
Not previously exposed
Acute mucosal disease
Infected in utero
Fever lethargy anorexia
Profuse watery diarrhea
Chronic mucosal disease
Acute onset of watery diarrhea
