Rules Flashcards
When answering any question relating to the rules (1-6)
Smartyboard
Type of Vessels…
Define “vessel constrained by her draught”
means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following
Define Look-out
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well
as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions
so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
** instruments and equipment**
Define Safe speed
VDMLWD CCEPNM
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and
effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the
prevailing circumstances and conditions
Define Risk of collision
Action to avoid collision, what rule is this?
Rule 8
Any action taken to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.
Define Not Impede
Narrow channels
TSS
Traffic Seperation Scheme
Explain the overtaking Rule
A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up at an angle of more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, at night you would see only the stern light of the vessel but none of her sidelights
Define Head-on situation
Two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or near reciprocal courses, so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter to STBD
Define Crossing situation
Two power-driven vessels
The vessel which has the other on her own STBD SIDE shall keep out of the way
Action by give-way vessel
**every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear
CBD
means a power-driven vessel which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth of and width of navigable water, is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.
What is MSN 1781?
Always reference MSN 1781 when referring to COLREGS
What is MGN 364?
364 drivin to yo! 🚪 Door
🚦 🛣️ TSS
What are you going to say?
- Vessel
- Size Unknown
- Seen from Astern
- NUC
- Making Way
and
It could be a vessel Aground, seen from dead ahead, Under 50m
Part A ?
General
Part B
You are in Fog, which rules apply?
Rules 4-10, Rule 19 & Rule 35
Rule 1
Application
(a) These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
(b) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules.
(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistles shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorised elsewhere under these Rules.
(d) Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organisation for the purpose of these Rules.
(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provision of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel.
Rule 2
Responsibility
** (a)** Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master, or crew
thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the
neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen,
or by the special circumstances of the case.
e.g ** A vessel underway would be expected to keep clear of a vessel at anchor as a
matter of seamanship**
(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all
dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the
limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules
necessary to avoid immediate danger.
a power-driven vessel meeting another powerdriven vessel end on may be unable to alter her course to starboard, as directed by
Rule 14, owing to the presence of shallow water close by to starboard or to the fact
that a third vessel is overtaking her on her starboard side.
Duty to depart if necessary:
If a departure from the Rules is necessary to avoid immediate danger a vessel would
not only be justified in departing from them but may be expected to do so.
Which way would you go?
** To STBD to keep STBD side open**
Rule 3
General Definitions
For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:
- The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, including nondisplacement craft, WIG craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a
means of transportation on water.
(b) The term “power-driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by machinery.
(c) The term “sailing vessel” means any vessel under sail provided that propelling
machinery, if fitted, is not being used.
(d) The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with nets, lines,
trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict manoeuvrability, but does not include
a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict
manoeuvrability.
(e) The word “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to maneuver on the water.
(f) The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some
exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules and is
therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
For a vessel to be considered ‘not under command’ there must be some exceptional
circumstances, such as breakdown of steering gear, or loss of propulsion power,
resulting in a restriction of her ability to manœuvre as required by the Rules of Part
B of the Steering and Sailing Rules
What is this?
A power-driven vessel, no shapes or nets, etc
no indication
Give an example of Exceptional Circumstances
The rudder has fallen off
I am Trawling Mid-Atlantic, am i engaged in fishing?
No Sir, I am not RAM, therefore not engaged in fishing
Meaning of NUC
Means a vessel, which through some Exceptional Circumstances is unable to maneuver as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
e.g the rudder has fallen off
Meaning of RAM
means a vessel which
from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by
these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
NUC
Exceptional Circumstances
RAM
Due to the nature of her work Unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Examples of RAM vessels
(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine
cable or pipeline;
(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;
(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo
while underway;
(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft;
(v) a vessel engaged in mine clearance operations;
(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel
and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.
Describe the term CBD
“vessel constrained by her draught” means a power-driven vessel which,
because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water,
is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following
By definition a POWER driven vessel
Define Underway
vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the
shore, or aground.
Define In sight of on another?
Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be
observed visually from the other
Define Restricted Visibility
You cant see the vessel due to **fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms or any other similar causes.
Rule 5
LOOK-OUT
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well
as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions
so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.
** instruments and equipment**
Binoculars 7 x 50
VHF
AIS
RADAR
Rule 10
Traffic Separation Schemes
(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organization and
does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other rule.
lowest of the low - least powerful rule
(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
(i) Proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic
flow for that lane
(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation
zone
(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but
when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to
the general direction of traffic flow as practicable.
(c) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to do
so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general
direction of traffic flow.
See MGN 364.
(d)
(i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the
appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme.
However, vessels of less than 20 m in length, sailing vessels and vessels
engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone.
(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph d (i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic
zone when en route to or from a port, offshore installation or structure,
pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone or to
avoid immediate danger.
(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not
normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:
(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes
shall do so with particular caution.
(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme
or in areas near its terminations.
(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as
is practicable.
(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a
traffic lane.
(j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length or a sailing vessel shall not impede the
safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.
(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for
the maintenance of safety of navigation in a traffic separation scheme is exempted
from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.
(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for
the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable, within a traffic separation
scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry
out the operation
Nature of her work
SECTION II
Rule 12
SAILING VESSELS
(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of
collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows:
(i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind
on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other
(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to
windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward
(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and
cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on
the port or on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.
(b) For the purposes of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed to be the side
opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of a square-rigged
vessel, the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.
Rule 14
Head-on Situation
(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal
courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that
each shall pass on the port side of the other.
the definition of head-on
(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or
nearly ahead and by night she could see the **masthead lights **of the other in a line or
nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding
aspect of the other vessel.
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists, she shall
assume that it does exist and act accordingly
Rule 8
Action to avoid collision
(a)Any action to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the rules of this
Part and, if the circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and
with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.
(b) Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances
of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing
visually or by radar; a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be
avoided.
If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be the most effective
action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided that it is made in good time, is
substantial and does not result in another close-quarters situation.
(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in
passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked
until the other vessel is finally past and clear.
(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel
shall slacken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing her means of
propulsion.
(f) (i) A vessel which, by any of these rules, is required not to impede the passage or
safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case,
take early action to allow sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the other vessel;
(ii) A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is
not relieved of this obligation if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of
collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be
required by the rules of this Part;
(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to
comply with the rules of this part when the two vessels are approaching one another
so as to involve risk of collision.
Sail vessel should not impede the safe passage of another vessel, what should I do in this situation?
Sound 5 short RAPID Blasts
Considering I have been impeded, then the normal rules apply
In this case, power gives way to sail
Rule 8 Black mercedes, pedestrian crossing example
Pedestrian should get out of the way, either turn around or speed up, however, if they don’t, The Mercedes would slow down, sound the horn 5 short rapid and get out of the way of the pedestrian
MGN 364?
🛣️
Define Overtaking
Its when you are coming from more than 22.5 Degrees abaft her beam and at night you would see her white stern light but neither of her side lights
At night, you are doing the overtaking, more than 22.5 abaft the beam, **what would be your concern? overtaking on this side?
** the concern** would be that the vessel in front sees a port navigation light and may alter to STBD
He may think its crossing situation
Therefore i must KEEP WELL CLEAR
KEEP STBD SIDE OPEN
If you are not sure you are Overtaking? What are you?
Overtaking
You see the corresponding aspect of a pointy bit what are you?
Two Power driven vessels therefore Head on
Is this a crossing situation ?
NEGATIVE
This is, Rule 18
responsibilities between vessels
What would you do?
two power-driven vessels
- Make 1 short blast
2.Make a Bold alteration of course to STBD of about 40-60deg
- Continue to monitor untill finally passed and clear
Who is stand on/GIve way?
Wind on Port Side
We are on STBD they are on PORT tack
we are Stand on, they are Give way
Wind is coming from her port side
Which Tack?
STBD
What is going on here?
Ask, are we more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam?
