RULERS AND BUILDINGS

Question 1

AGRA FORT IS BUILT BY?

Answer 1

AKBAR.

Question 2

WHAT IS SUPERSTRUCTURE?

Answer 2

THE PART OF A BUILDING ABOVE THE GROUND FLOOR.

Question 3

MEANING OF BAOLIS?

Answer 3

LARGE STEPPED WELLS.

Question 4

WHAT IS TRABEATE OR CORBELLED?

Answer 4

ROOFS, DOORS AND WINDOWS MADE BY PLACING A HORIZONTAL BEAM ACROSS TWO VERTICAL COLUMNS, A STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE CALLED TRABEATE OR CORBELLED.
USED DURING THE EIGHTH AND THIRTEENTH CENTURIES.
EXAMPLE USED IN BAOLIS.
SCREEN OF QUWWAT AL ISLAM MOSQUE.

Question 5

KANDARIYA MAHADEVA TEMPLE IS DEDICATED TO, BUILT BY AND WHEN?

Answer 5

DEDICATED OT SHIVA.
BUILT IN 999.
BY KING DHANGADEVA OF CHANDELA DYNASTY.

Question 6

WERE COMMONERS ALLOWED IN THE KHAJURAHO COMPLEX?

Answer 6

THE KAHJURAHO COMPLEX CONTAINED ROYAL TEMPLES WHERE COMMONERS WERE NOT ALLOWED ENTRY.

Question 7

WHAT IS CHARUPALLAM?

Answer 7

THE RAJARAJESHVARA AT THANJAVUR HAD THE TALLEST SHIKHARA.
A VILLAGE NEAR THE TEMPLE IS CALLED CHARUPALLAM, THE VILLAGE OF INCLINE.

Question 8

TWO TECHNOLOGICAL AND STYLISTIC DEVELOPMENTS NOTICEABLE FROM THE TWELFTH CENTURY?

Answer 8

1. THE WEIGHT OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE ABOVE THE DOORS AND WINDOWS WAS SOMETIMES CARRIED BY ARCHES. THIS ARCHITECTURE FORM WAS CALLED ARCUATE. EXAMPLE ALAI DARWAJA OF QUWWAT AL-ISLAM MOSQUE.
2. LIMESTONE CEMENT WAS INCREASINGLY USED IN CONSTRUCTION. THIS WAS VERY HIGH QUALITY CEMENT, WHICH, WHEN MIXED WITH STONE CHIPS HARDENED INTO CONCRETE.

Question 9

RAJARAJESHVARA TEMPLE WAS BUILT BY?

Answer 9

AN INSCRIPTION MENTIONS THAT IT WAS BUILT BY KING RAJARAJADEVA FOR THE WORSHIP OF THE RULER AND THE GOD ARE VERY SIMILAR.

Question 10

JAMI MASJID WAS BUILT BY?

Answer 10

SHAH JAHAN.

Question 11

DID MUSLIM SULTANS AND PADSHAHS CLAIMED TO BE INCARNATIONS OF GOD?

Answer 11

MUSLIM SULTANS AND PADSHAHS DID NOT CLAIM TO BE INCARNATIONS OF GOD BUT PERSIAN COURT CHRONICLES DESCRIBED THE SULTAN AS THE “SHADOW OF GOD”.

Question 12

AN INSCRIPTION IN THE QUWWAT AL-ISLAM MOSQUE EXPLAINED THAT GOD CHOSE ALAUDDIN AS A KING BECAUSE HE HAD THE QUALITIES OF MOSES AND SOLOMON. WHAT DOES MOSES AND SOLOMON MEAN HERE?

Answer 12

MOSES AND SOLOMON WERE THE GREAT LAWGIVERS OF THE PAST.
ALSO KNOWN AS THE MESSENGER OF GOD.

Question 13

TERM AB MEANS?

Answer 13

PERSIAN TERM ABAD, POPULATED, PROSPEROUS, AND ABADI, FLOURISHING ARE BOTH DERIVED FROM THE WORD AB, MEANING WATER.

Question 14

HAUZ-I-SULTANI WAS BUILT BY?

Answer 14

SULTAN ILTUMISH WON UNIVERSAL RESPECT FOR CONSTRUCTING A LARGE RESERVOIR JUST OUTSIDE DELHI-I-KUHNA. IT WAS CALLED THE HAUZ-I-SULTANI OR THE KING’S RESERVOIR.

Question 15

WHO WAS DHAMMAKITTI?

Answer 15

IN THE EARLY NINTH CENTURY WHEN THE PANDYAN KING SHRIMARA SHRIVALLABHA INVADED SRI LANKA AND DEFEATED THE KING, SENA 1 (831-851), THE BUDDHIST MONK AND CHRONICLER DHAMMAKITTI NOTED: HE REMOVED ALL THE VALUABLES…. THE STATUE OF BUDDHA MADE ENTIRELY OF GOLD ETC ALL THESE HE SEIZED.
THE BLOW TO THE PRIDE OF THE SINHALESE RULER HAD TO BE AVENGED AND THE NEXT SINHALESE RULER, SENA 2, ORDERED HIS GENERAL TO INVADE MADURAI, THE CAPITAL OF THE PANDYAS.
THE BUDDHIST CHRONICLER NOTED THAT THE EXPEDITION MADE A EFFORT TO FIND AND RESTORE THE GOLD STATUE OF THE BUDDHA.

Question 16

HUMAYUN’S TOMB IS BUILT BY?

Answer 16

HIS WIDOW BIGA BEGUM (HAJJI BEGUM).
IT IS A UNESCO’S WORLD HERITAGE SITE.
ALSO HAS A CHAHAR BAGH IN IT.

Question 17

SULTAN ________ WAS CONTEMPORARY OF RAJENDRA 1?

Answer 17

MAHMUD OF GHAZNI.

Question 18

WHO DESTROYED THE TEMPLE OF SOMNATH?

Answer 18

SULTAN MAHMUD OF GHAZNI BY DESTROYING TEMPLES- ESPECIALLY THE ONE AT SOMNATH- HE TRIED TO WIN CREDIT AS A GREAT HERO OF ISLAM.

Question 19

WHO INTRODUCED THE CHAHAR BAGH STYLE IN INDIA?

Answer 19

MUGHALS.
IN HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY BABUR DESCRIBED HIS INTEREST IN PLANNING AND LAYING OUT FORMAL GARDENS, PLACED WITHIN RECTANGULAR WALLED ENCLOSURES AND DIVIDED INTO FOUR QUARTERS BY ARTIFICIAL CHANNELS.
THESE GARDENS WERE CALLED CHAHAR BAGH, FOUR GARDENS.

Question 20

EXAMPLES OF CHAHAR BAGH GARDENS?

Answer 20

1. HUMAYUN’S TOMB, DELHI (1562-1571).
2. TERRACED CHAHAR BAGH AT SHALIMAR GARDENS, KASHMIR, 1620 AND 1634.
3. THE CHAHAR BAGH ADAPTED AS A RIVER FRONT GARDEN AT LAL MAHAL BARI, 1637.

Question 21

LAL MAHAL BARI IS BUILT BY?

Answer 21

SHAH JAHAN.

Question 22

SHALIMAR GARDENS ARE BUILT BY?

Answer 22

JAHANGIR.

Question 23

TERM PISHTAQ IN MEDIEVAL INDIA MEANS? WHERE WAS IT 1ST SEEN?

Answer 23

THE CENTRAL TOWERING DOME AND THE TALL GATEWAY (PISHTAQ) BECAME IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE.
THEY WERE 1ST VISIBLE IN HUMAYUN’S TOMB.

Question 24

WHAT IS HASHT BIHISHT?

Answer 24

THE TOMB WAS PLACED IN THE CENTRE OF A HUGE FORMAL CHAHAR BAGH AND BUILT IN THE TRADITION KNOWN AS “EIGHT PARADISES” OR HASHT BIHISHT- A CENTRAL HALL SURROUNDED BY EIGHT ROOMS.
EXAMPLE TODAR MAL’s BARADARI AT FATEHPUR SIKRI AND HUMAYUN’S TOMB.

Question 25

IN WHICH RULER’S REIGN WAS THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE WERE FUSED TOGETHER IN A GRAND HARMONIOUS SYNTHESIS?

Answer 25

SHAH JAHAN’S.

Question 26

WHAT WAS DIWAN-I KHAS O AM?

Answer 26

THE CEREMONIAL HALLS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC AUDIENCE.

Question 27

WITH RESPECT TO MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE, WHAT DOES THE TERM CHIHIL SUTUN MEAN?

Answer 27

FORTY PILLARED HALLS.

Question 28

SHAH JAHAN’S AUDIENCE HALL WERE SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED TO RESEMBLE A MOSQUE. THE PEDESTAL ON WHICH HIS THRONE WAS PLACED WAS FREQUENTLY DESCRIBED AS THE______.
THE IDEA OF THE KING AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF GOD ON EARTH WAS SUGGESTED BY THESE ________.

Answer 28

1. QIBLA- THE DIRECTION FACED BY THE MUSLIMS AT PRAYER, SINCE EVERYBODY FACED THAT DIRECTION WHEN COURT WAS IN SESSION.
2. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES.

Question 29

THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ROYAL JUSTICE AND THE IMPERIAL COURT WAS EMPHASIZED BY__________ IN HIS NEWLY CONSTRUCTED COURT IN THE __________ AT DELHI.

Answer 29

SHAH JAHAN IN RED FORT.

Question 30

WHAT IS PIETRA DURA?

Answer 30

PIETRA DURA ARE COLOURED, HARD STONES PLACED IN DEPRESSIONS CARVED INTO MARBLE OR SANDSTONE CREATING BEAUTIFUL, ORNATE PATTERNS.
BEHIND THE SHAH JAHAN’S THRONE THERE WERE A SERIES OF PIETRA DURA INLAYS THAT DEPICTED THE LEGENDARY GREEK GOD ORPHEUS PLAYING THE LUTE.

Question 31

AIM OF SHAH JAHAN’S AUDIENCE HALL?

Answer 31

AIMED TO COMMUNICATE THAT THE KING’S JUSTICE WOULD TREAT THE HIGH AND THE LOW AS EQUALS CREATING A WORLD WHERE ALL COULD LIVE TOGETHER IN HARMONY.

Question 32

VARIATION OF CHAHAR BAGH?

Answer 32

RIVER FRONT GARDEN IS A VARIATION OF CHAHAR BAGH.
IN THIS THE DWELLING WAS NOT LOCATED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CHAHAR BAGH BUT AT ITS EDGE, CLOSE TO THE BANK OF THE RIVER.
EXAMPLE TAJ MAHAL.

Question 33

MARBLE USED IN TAJ MAHAL IS CALLED?

Answer 33

WHITE MARBLE MAUSOLEUM WAS PLACED ON A TERRACE BY THE EDGE OF THE RIVER AND THE GARDEN WAS TO ITS SOUTH.

Question 34

WHY DID SHAH JAHAN ADOPTED THE RIVER FRONT GARDEN IN THE LAYOUT OF TAJ MAHAL?

Answer 34

SHAH JAHAN DEVELOPED THIS ARCHITECTURAL FORMS AS A MEANS TO CONTROL THE ACCESS THAT THE NOBLES HAD TO THE RIVER.
IN THE NEW CITY OF SHAHJAHANABAD THAT HE CONSTRUCTED IN DELHI, THE IMPERIAL PALACE COMMANDED THE RIVER-FRONT.
ONLY SPECIALLY FAVOURED NOBLES-LIKE HIS ELDEST SON DARA SHUKOH- WERE GIVEN ACCESS TO THE RIVER.
ALL OTHER HAD TO CONSTRUCT THEIR HOMES IN THE CITY AWAY FROM THE RIVER YAMUNA.

Question 35

ELEPHANT STABLES OF VIJAYNAGARA ARCHITECTURE WAS INFLUENCED BY?

Answer 35

IN VIJAYNAGARA, FOR EXAMPLE, THE ELEPHANT STABLES OF THE RULERS WERE STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY THE STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE FOUND IN THE ADJOINING SULTANATES OF BIJAPUR AND GOLCONDA.

Question 36

IN VRINDAVAN, NEAR MATHURA, TEMPLES WERE CONSTRUCTED IN ARCHITECTURAL STYLES THAT WERE VERY SIMILAR TO THE__________ PALACES IN ___________.

Answer 36

MUGHAL PALACES IN FATEHPUR SIKRI.

Question 37

INTERIOR OF TEMPLE GOVIND DEVA IN VRINDAVAN, 1590 WAS CONSTRUCTED OUT OF ________ STONE.
STYLE OF ITERSECTING ARCHES THAT MADE THE HIGH CEILING ROOF IS FROM________ AND WAS USED IN________.

Answer 37

1. RED SANDSTONE.
2. FROM NORTHEAST IRAN (KHURASAN).
3. USED IN FATEHPUR SIKRI.

Question 38

WERE MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCED BY OTHERS?

Answer 38

MUGHAL RULERS WERE PARTICULARLY SKILLED IN ADAPTING REGIONAL ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THEIR OWN BUILDINGS.
1. IN BENGAL, FOR EXAMPLE, THE LOCAL RULERS HAD DEVELOPED A ROOF THAT WAS DESIGNED TO RESEMBLE A THATCHED HUT. THE MUGHALS LIKED THIS BANGLA DOME.
2. IN AKBAR’S CAPITAL FATEHPUR SIKRI MANY OF THE BUILDINGS SHOW THE INFLUENCE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLES OF GUJARAT AND MALWA.