RTKs/MAPK PATHWAY

Question 1

What does the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) stimulate?

Answer 1

Cell proliferation

Question 2

What is the domain structure of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)?

Answer 2

1. Ligand binding extracellular domain
2. Transmembrane a helix
3. Intracellular tyrosine kinase

Question 3

What does Epidermal Growth Factor bind to?

Answer 3

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Question 4

What is the function of RAS?

Answer 4

Relays signals downstream to cells for growth and division

Question 5

What is RAS bound to when it is NOT activated?

Answer 5

GDP

Question 6

What is RAS bound to when it IS activated?

Answer 6

GTP

Question 7

If RAS stays bound to GTP for too long, what can happen?

Answer 7

It can cause cancer mutations

Question 8

Which protein binds to RAS and activates it?

Answer 8

Sos

Question 9

What protein can enter the nucleus?

Answer 9

MAPK

Question 10

What are GEFs?

Answer 10

Activator proteins that remove GDP from RAS

Question 11

What are GAPs?

Answer 11

Inhibitors that stimulate GTPase activity to stop binding to GTP

Question 12

What causes activation of the MAPK pathway?

Answer 12

Activation of EGFR