CELL CYCLE

Question 1

What is the cell cycle controlled by?

Answer 1

Cyclin synthesis, activation of CDKs by a cyclin, inactivation of the CDK/cyclin complex

Question 2

What is the cell cycle driven by?

Answer 2

Cyclin dependent kinases

Question 3

What are cyclins?

Answer 3

Regulatory proteins that active CDKs

Question 4

What is the function of CDKs?

Answer 4

They trigger the transition of each stage of the cell cycle

Question 5

What is cell cycle progression controlled via?

Answer 5

Phosphorylation

Question 6

What is the main function of CDK 1 ?

Answer 6

Regulates all cell transitions ( G0, G1, S, G2, M)

Question 7

What does CDK 4 and 6 do? What cyclin accompanies it?

Answer 7

Accompanied by cyclin D, drives progression to G1 phase of cell cycle whilst initiating phosphorylation

Question 8

What does CDK2 do, and what cyclin/s accompany it?

Answer 8

1. Drives progression to S, with cyclin E
2. Drives progression to G2, with cyclin A

Question 9

What does CDK1 do, and what cyclin is accompanied ?

Answer 9

Accompanied by Cyclin A and E becomes active during late G2 phase - required for M phase.

Then cyclin B is activated in the M phase and drives completion of mitosis

Question 10

What is CDK 3 essential for?

Answer 10

Essential for cell to leave G0 into G1

Question 11

What is the role of Maturation Promoting Factor?

Answer 11

Regulates events during M phase (cyclin B/ CDK1)

Question 12

What are the four stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 12

G1, S, G2, M

Question 13

What are 4 stages of mitosis?

Answer 13

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 14

What do CDKs and cyclin activate when working together ?

Answer 14

Maturation Promoting Factor

Question 15

What are the three checkpoints of the cell cycle?

Answer 15

G1, G2, M

Question 16

What does the G1 checkpoint do?

Answer 16

Checks size, nutrients and DNA damage

Question 17

What does G2 check for?

Answer 17

DNA replication is completed, and DNA damage

Question 18

What does the M checkpoint check for?

Answer 18

Checks chromosomes are evenly divides

Question 19

What is the shortest stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 19

M

Question 20

Which stage of the cell cycle is mitochondria increased the most?

Answer 20

G2

Question 21

Which stage of the cell cycle is the nuclear membrane broken down?

Answer 21

M

Question 22

What stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

Answer 22

S

Question 23

Which protein complex hyperphosphorylates prb?

Answer 23

Cyclin E and CDK2