RT101 Imaging Science & Informatics Flashcards
- study of science, computing, and engineering theories behind the technology that goes into creating images
- how machines are used when applied to our course
IMAGING SCIENCE
- interdisciplinary science and includes computer science, information science, decision science, management science, cognitive science and organizational theory, all motivated by the need for new solutions to enhance the quality and safety of patient care
- how technology is used to make our work, as rrt, easy
- process of passing info from one person to another
INFORMATICS
- any general purpose stored program electronic digital computer
- personal computer (laptop, desktop, notebook)
- control high-voltage x-ray generator and radiographic control panels
COMPUTERS
first large-scale radiology application
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
provided development of teleradiography, the transfer of images and patient date to remote locations for interpretation and filing
TELECOMMUNICATION
earliest calculating tool (China)
ABACUS
Mechanical calculators using pegged wheels that could perform basic arithmetic functions
(Blaise Pascal & Gottfried Leibniz, 17th century)
Analytical engine that perform general calculations automatically
Charles Babbage, 1842
Tabulating machine to census data
Herman Hollerith, 1890
produces and sells computers hardware, middleware, software (Hollerith’s company)
International Business Machines Corp. (IBM)
first Electric electronic digital computer
John Atansoff and Clifford Berry, 1939
first fully operational working computer used to crack encrypted German military codes
COLOSSUS
first general-purpose modern computer, electromechanical device prone to malfunction (Harvard Uni., 1944)
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)/ Mark I
first-general purpose electronic computer, contained more than 18,000 vacuum tubes that failed at an average rate of one every 7 minutes (Uni. of Pennsylvania by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, 1946)
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)
-is an electronic switch that alternately allows or does not allow electricity signal to pass (Bell Telephone Laboratories - William Shockley, 1948)
- development of stored program
TRANSISTOR
first commercially successful general- purpose , stored program electronic digital computer (Eckert amd Mauchly, 1951)
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
incorporates more than 1 million transistors on a chip of silicon
● Celeron microprocessor
-primary element that allows the computer to manipulate and carry out software instructions
- Intel Core i5 and AMD phenom II
- in microcomputer this is often called as the microprocessor
Central Processing Unit
designed for large, high performance, multiuser, multitasking system
Pentium Processor
an electrical conductor, where two computers and all other components are connected
- tells the computer how to carry out software instructions, which direct the hardware to perform a task
Bus
memory, primary storage, internal memory
Active Storage
- means data that can be accessed at random from anywhere in main memory in approximately equal amounts of time regardless of where data is located
Random access memory (RAM)
- more widely use
- requires more space and power
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
- chips are faster
- retains its memory even if power to the computer is lost
- more expensive
Static RAM (SRAM)
working storage of a computer
Main Memory
contains info supplied by the manufacturers, called firmware that cannot be written on or erased
Read-only Memory (ROM)
chips are blank chips that a user, with special equipment can write programs to
- cannot be erased
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)
similar to PROM chips except that the contents are erasable using a device that express the chip to ultraviolet
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)
can be programmed with the use of special electronic impulses
Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
- system board
- main circuit board in a system unit
- contains microprocessor or any co-processor chips, RAM chips, ROM chips, other types of memory
MOTHERBOARD
- CDs, DVDs, HDDs, SSDs
- similar to a filing cabinet
- storing info until needed
SECONDARY MEMORY
collection of data or information that is treated as a unit by the computer
File
- stores data and programs as tiny indentions or pits on a disc-shaped, flat piece of Mylar plastic
Compact Disc (CD)
- similar to CDs but has higher capacity
Blu-ray Disc/DVD
- thin, rigid glass or metal platters
- each side of the platter has recording material
Hard Disc Drives/ HDDs
- lower capacity than HDDs and more expensive
- faster access to data
- more durable
Solid-State Drive/SSD
- consists of two or more disc drives in a single cabinet that collectively acts as a single storage system
Redundant Array of Independent Disc/RAID
images are created with dots on a drum, treated with a magnetically charged ink like substance called toner
- used for medical imaging
● Laser Printers
form images with little dots
- electrically charge small drops of ink that are quieter and less expensive
- can print in color
Inkjet Printers
translate images of text, drawings, or photographs into digital format recognizable by the computer
Scanners
translate analog sound into digital format
● Audio input device
collects data directly from the environment and transmit them to a computer
Sensors
detect specific movements and traits of the human body
● Human Biology Input Devices
standard typewriter keys that are used to enter words and numbers and function keys that enter specific commands
Input Devices
● Keyboard
