RT 102 Energy & etc Flashcards
branch of science concerned with the nature, properties, and interaction of matter and energy.
Physics
anything that occupies space and has mass.
Matter
the quantity of matter described by its energy equivalence. It is the amount of matter or substance that makes up an object; measured in kilogram(kg).
Mass
measure of force acting on an object with mass; measured in pound (LB.)
Weight
- “ability to do work, which is the ability to exert a force causing displacement of an object”. Energy is just the force that causes things to move. Energy is divided into two types: Potential and Kinetic.
Energy
unit of work or energy in the International System of Units (SI).
Joules
unit of energy commonly used in atomic and Nuclear Physics.
Electron Volt
a measurement of the energy content of food.
Calorie
unit of energy or work in the centimeter-gram second system of physical units used in physics.
ERGS
- Is the energy of motion, observable as the movement an object or subatomic particle.
Kinetic Energy
- Stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
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- Is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.
MECHANICAL ENERGY
- Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. Chemical Energy may be released during a chemical reaction, often in the form of heat; such reactions are called exothermic.
CHEMICAL ENERGY
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- Is a type of kinetic energy caused by moving electric charges.
Electrical Energy
- Refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature. Heat is the flow of thermal energy.
THERMAL ENERGY
- Is a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
- when nuclei of atoms split into several parts
Fission
when nuclei fuse together.
Fusion
- The type of energy that is used in an x-ray imaging. Least familiar form of energy but most important in radiology. is a special kind of energy that travels in waves through space. It is a like a wave of energy that can move without needing anything else to carry it, even in empty space.
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
- These are the waves that allow us to listen to the radio. They have long wavelengths and low frequences. are used for broadcasting music, news, and other information.
RADIO WAVES
- Have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves. They are used in microwave ovens to cook and heat food. They are also used for communication, such as cell phones and wifi.
Microwave
- Is sometimes called heat radiation because we feel it as warmth. It has longer wavelengths than visible light. is used in devices like TV remote controls and thermal cameras.
INFRARED RADIATION
- This is the type of electromagnetic radiation that allows us to see the world around us. comes in different colors like red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Each color has a different wavelength.
Visible light
- Has shorter wavelengths and frequences than visible light. It comes from the sun and is responsible for causing sunburns. We can’t see UV radiation but it can be harmful to our skin and eyes.
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
- have even shorter wavelengths and higher frequences than UV radiation. They can pass through our bodies and are used in medical imaging, like x-ray machines, to see our bones and organs.
X-RAY RADIATION
- Have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies of all the radiations. They are produced during nuclear reactions and can be very harmful. Scientists use this rays to treat cancer.
GAMMA RADIATION
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- Numerical quantity assigned to every point in space that changes in time.
FIELDS
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Is an influence that can cause an object to change its velocity.
Force/forces
- Is an invisible pulling force between two objects. The strength this force depends on an object.
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
- The force that allows protons to turn into neutrons and vice versa through beta decay. Acts inside of individual nucleons.
WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE
- The force of attraction between unlike charges or repulsion between like charges is attributed to the electric field.
ELECTROSTATIC FORCE
- This force is strong enough that overcomes the repulsive force/electrostatic force between two-charge. Allowing two same charge to stick together.
STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
- Generalized rules to explain a body of observations in the form of verbal or mathematical statement.
Laws
- Is an invisible pulling force between two objects. The strength of this force depends on an object mass.
LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATIONAL
a body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force.
INERTIA
-is an influence that can cause an object to change its velocity
FORCE
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Action/reaction
States that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It only converted from one form of energy to another.
The total amount of energy in a system remains constant, even as that energy is transferred or converted.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
- Principle that states that matter can be neither created nor destroyed. It converts one form of matter into another.
The properties and mass of that matter remain constant even as that matter transform into different states of matter: solid, liquid, gas.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
