RPH Flashcards by Cheryl Espadero

the study of the past

History

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the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events which is based on the critical examination of various sources and authentic materials

History

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it is a greek word “historia” which means

Knowledge acquire through inquiry or investigation

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Give me 5 non-written historical resources

Oral traditions
Artifacts
Architecture
Memory DNA
Film

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Give me 5 written historical resources

Books
Diaries
Letter
News paper report
Biographies
Autobiographies
Foreign accounts

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Direct resources produced at the same time of the event, period, or that is being studied

Primary sources

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Contemporary accounts of an event, personally written or narrated by an individual person who directly experienced or present at the same time of the events

Primary sources

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Considered as original sources that directly narrate the details of the event

Primary sources

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Example primary sources

Diaries
Photograph
Letters
Speeches
Official records (government)
Paintings
Artifacts
Oral history

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Produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the said material

Secondary sources

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The testimony of anyone who is not eye witness - that is one was not present at the event of which he fells

Secondary sources

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Historical sources which studied a certain historical subject

Secondary sources

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Interpretations or readings of primary sources

Secondary sources

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Example secondary sources

Textbooks
Artistic rendition on an event
Journal articles (scholarly)
Films
News articles

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Verifying authenticity of evidences by examining its physical characteristics

External Criticism

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Consistency with the historical
characteristics of the time when it was produced

External Criticism

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Materials used for the evidence like ink, paper, language, words used

External Criticism

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Examination of the truthfulness of the evidence

Internal Criticism

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There is a content, context of the source

Internal Criticism

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Circumstances of its production

Internal Criticism

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Author of the sources

Internal Criticism

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It is a continues process and written in a chronological order of events and it is important to our society.

History

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why we need to study history

Looking at the past teaches us to see the world through different eyes, appreciating the diversity ofhuman perceptions, beliefs, and cultures

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object of study is history itself (how was a certain historical text written? Who wrote it? What was the context of the publication? What particular historical method was employed? What are the sources used

Historiography

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It (history) is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialoguebetween the present and the past

Historical resources

Portuguese Explorer/sailor who organized the Spanish Expeditions to the East Indies from 1519-1522 to search for western route to the Maluku Islands ( the Spice Island) resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth,

Ferdinand Magellan

Italian writer/explorer

Antonio Pigafetta

European will explore around world including the asia

1400-1500

Primary goods and first trading network

Silk road

Europe want to bring back their country

Spices

Divided the world into half for Spain and Portugal

Pope Alexander VI

5 ships that King Charles gave to Ferdinand Magellan

Trinidad Concepcion Victoria Santiago San Antonio

who approved the proposed new route of Ferdinand Magellan?

King Charles

Sept. 20, 1519

Left Spain and after 4 hrs they doubted their captain because they think that the mission is a suicide mission since they know that the earth is flat. When they are at the south America theres a typhoon came so the ship is only 3 now. They tried to betray Ferdinand Magellan because they don't have food left. Their goal is to survive and resupply

The island of thieves

Ladrone Islands (Marianas Island now)

What is the main purpose of Magellan's Voyage?

To find the Moluccas Island

What happened of March 16, 1521?

They reached the Samar

What happened of March 18, 1521?

The first encounter to the people in samar where in they said, they are friendly and familiar and welcomed them with food

What happened of March 25, 1521?

Meeting w/ the local rulers (Rajah Sigan & Rajah Kulambu)

Which of these Island that were landed may Magellan troupe that is uninhabited and known as "Watering place of good signs"

Humunu Island

What happened of March 31, 1521?

The first mass was held at Easter Sunday

It is an ancient ritual intended to seal a friendship or treaty

Blood compact

When did Magellan did order the first Mass to be celebrated

March 31, 1521

When did Magellan reached Cebu?

April 7, 1521

It is the method how magellan befriended by the rajah of Cebu ?

Blood compact

a techniques or rules to properly source and historical evidences in writing history

Historical Methodology

Mantra of Classical latin

“No Documents, No History”

the account of the past of a person or of a group of people through written documents and historical evidence.

Classical Latin

when is the first Baptism?

April 14, 1521

When did Zula (principal man from the island of Mactan decided to see Magellan) where she asked for a boat full of men so that he would be able to fight Silapulapu?

April 26, 1521

When is the battle of mactan?

April 27, 1521

who is the two chiefs in Mactan?

Rajah Zula Rajah Silapulapu

Who is the Author of the Customs of the Tagalog?

FR. Juan De Plasencia

governed as many as a hundred houses, sometimes even less than thirty hems and were captains in their wars, and whom they obeyed and reverenced

Datos/Datu

Free born. * Do not pay tax or tribute to the dato but must accompany him in war at their own expense. * The chief offered them a feast beforehand, and afterward they divided the spoils. They would also help or serve the Dato to row for him on a boat, help him build a house in exchange for food and* set or clear lands for tillage

Nobles or Maharlicas

They serve their master in his house and on his cultivated lands and may be sold even their children. * They can be either farmers or slaves. Slaves were fed by their master while farmers were given thempart of their harvest based on their hard work for them to eat. Slaves are often captured from the war. * The difference between Commoners and Slaves should be noted because it is illegal based on their rules to sell the commoners and their children. * The alkalde mayors didn’t know this that is why they captured the commoners’ children and sell it to become slaves

Slaves or Aliping Saguiguilir

* They are married, and serve their master, whether he is a dato or not, with half of their cultivated lands,as was agreed upon in the beginning. * They accompanied him whenever he went beyond the island and rowed for him. They live in their ownhouses, and are lords of their property and gold which their children can inherit. Their children willenjoy the rank of their father, which they can’t be slaves nor can either parents or children be sold.

Commoners or Aliping Namamahay

Males give dowry to the family of the desired bride

Marriage

Giving pieces of gold or property or land to the family of bride

Dowry

temple or place of adoration.

Simbahan

worship’ which they celebrated in the large house of the Dato.

Pandot

the name of their priest

Catalonan/Babaylan

The name of their God

Bathala

spanish priest

Prayleng regular

Native priest

Prayleng secular

a bird which was singing in the tree, or if they chanced upon anyone who sneezed, theyreturned at once to their house, considering the incident as an augury that some evil might befall them ifthey should continue their journey—especially when the above mentioned bird sang.

Tigmamanuguin

to protect the people from the wet when it rained.

sibi

either a man or a woman. This office was an honorable one among the natives, and was heldordinarily by people of rank, this rule being general in all the islands.

CATOLONAN

- wishes who deceived by pretending to heal the sick. These priests even induced maladiesby their charms, which in proportion to the strength and efficacy of the witchcraft, can cause death. In thisway, if they wished to kill at one, they did so, or they could prolonged life for a year by binding to the waista live serpent, which was believed to be the devil, or at least his substance. This office was generalthroughout the land.

* MANGAGAUAY

the same as manggagaway. These priests had the power of applying such remedies to loversthat they would abandon and despise their own wives, and in fact could prevent them from havingintercourse with the latter. If the woman, constrained by these means, were abandoned, it would bringsickness upon her; and on account of the desertion, she would discharge blood and matter. This office wasalso general throughout the land.

* MANYISALAT

whose duty was to emit fire from himself at night, once or oftener each month. This firecould not be extinguished; nor could it be emitted except as the priest wallowed in the ordure, filth whichfalls from the house, and he who lived in the house where the priest was wallowing in order to emit this firefrom himself, fell ill and died. This office was general.

* MANCOCOLAM

- of greater efficacy than the MANGAGAUAY. Without the use of medicine, and by simplysaluting or raising the hand, they killed whom they chose. But if they desired to heal those whom they hadmade ill by their charms, they did so by using other charms.

* HOCLOBON

- whose office it was if they saw anyone clothed in white, to tear out its liver and eat it, thuscausing his death.

* SILAGAN

as to show himself at night to many people, without his head or entrails. Insuch wise the devil walled about carrying, or pretended to carry, his head to different places: and, in themorning, returned it to his body remaining, as before, alive.

Magtatangal

- equivalent to SORCERER they say that they have seen him fly, and that he murdered men and atetheir flesh. This was among the Visayas Islands.

* OSUANG

- They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood which would infuse theheart with love. Thus did they deceived the people, although sometimes, through the intervention of thedevil, they gained their ends.

* MANGAGAYOMA

- equivalent to PREACHER. It was his office to help one to die, at which time he predicted thesalvation or condemnation of the soul. It was not lawful for the functions of this office to be fulfilled byothers than people of high standing, on account of the esteem in which it was held. This office was generalthroughout the islands.

* SONAT

- was a soothsayer and predicted the future. This office was general in all islands

* PANGATAHOJAN

- signified a COTQUEAN a man whose nature inclined toward that of a woman

BAYOGUIN