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Network + > Routing > Flashcards

Routing Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of a router

A

Route traffic between networks or subnets

Layer 3 devices that separate broadcast domains

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2
Q

How routers make routing decisions

A

Layer 3 to Layer 2 mapping

Routers use ARP caches to map an IP address to a given MAC address

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3
Q

Routing tables

A

Table kept by router to determine which route entry is best fit for the network
Route entry with longest prefix is the most specific network

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4
Q

Sources of routing information

A

Directly connected routes - physical connection
Static routes - configured by admin
Dynamic routing protocols - learned

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5
Q

Split Horizon

A

Prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out the same interface

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6
Q

Poison Reverse

A

Causes a route received on one interface to be advertised back out of that same interface with a metric considered to be infinite

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7
Q

IGP

A

Interior Gateway Protocol

Operates within autonomous system (routing)

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8
Q

EGP

A

Exterior Gateway Protocol

Operates between autonomous systems (routing)

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9
Q

Router Advertisement Method

A

Distance Vector

Link State

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10
Q

Distance Vector

A

Sends full copy of routing table to its directly connected neighbors at regular intervals
Slow - all routers must update their tables
Uses hop count as metric

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11
Q

Link State

A

Requires all routers to know paths of all other routers in the network
OSPF or IS-IS
Faster than Distance Vector
Uses cost as metric

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12
Q

RIP

A 
Routing Information Protocol
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
Distance Vector protocol using hop count
Maximum hops of 15
Updates every 30sec
Old protocol
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13
Q

OSPF

A

Open Shortest Path First
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
Link State protocol using cost
Cost based on link speed between routers

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14
Q

IS-IS

A

Intermediate System to Intermediate System
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
Link State protocol using cost
Similar to OSPF but not as popular

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15
Q

EIGRP

A 
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
Hybrid of distance vector and link state
Uses bandwidth and delay
Cisco only
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16
Q

BGP

A

Border Gateway Protocol
External Gateway Protocol (EGP)
Path vector using number of autonomous system hops instead of router hops
Backbone of internet

17
Q

Router AD

A

Administrative Distance
Index of believability
Lower AD = more believable

18
Q

AD metrics

A 
Directly connected network - 0
Statically configured network - 1
EIGRP - 90
OSPF - 110
RIP - 120
External EIGRP - 170
Unknown - 255 (unreachable)
19
Q

Route Redistribution

A

Network to support more than one routing protocol

Router can translate routing protocols between ports

20
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation
Translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses over public networks
Conserves limited number of IPv4 addresses

21
Q

PAT

A

Port Address Translation
Utilizes port numbers instead of IP addresses for translation
Multiple private IP addresses share one public IP
Small networks

22
Q

DNAT

A

Dynamic NAT
IP addresses automatically assigned from pool
Many-to-many translations

23
Q

SNAT

A

Static NAT
IP addresses manually assigned
One-to-one translations

24
Q

NAT Inside Local

A

Private IP referencing inside device

25
Q

NAT Inside Global

A

Public IP referencing inside device

26
Q

NAT Outside Local

A

Private IP referencing outside device

27
Q

NAT Outside Global

A

Public IP referencing outside device

28
Q

Multicast Routing

A

Multicast sender sends traffic to a Class D IP address (multicast group)
Send traffic only to the devices that want it
Two primary protocols: IGMP and PIM

29
Q

IGMP

A

Internet Group Management Protocol
Used by clients and routers to let routers known which interfaces have multicast receivers
Used by clients to join multicast group

30
Q

IGMPv1

A

Clients request to join group and asked every 60 seconds if it wants to remain in group

31
Q

IGMPv2

A

Client can send a leave message to exit multicast group

32
Q

IGMPv3

A

Client can request multicast from only specific server
Source specific multicast (SSM)
Allows multiple video streams to single multicast

33
Q

PIM

A

Protocol Independent Multicast
Routes multicast traffic between multicast-enabled routers
Forms multicast distribution tree

34
Q

PIM-DM

A

PIM Dense Mode
Periodic flood and prune behavior to form optimal distribution tree
Negative performance on network
Rarely used

35
Q

PIM-SM

A

PIM Sparse Mode

Eventually creates optimal distribution tree through shortest path tree (SPT)

Network + (16 decks)

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