IP Addressing

Question 1

IP

Answer 1

Internet Protocol address
Numerical label to identify communication devices on network
Layer 3
IPv4 or IPv6

Question 2

IPv4 format

Answer 2

32 bits in length

Four 8 bit octets

Question 3

Subnet mask

Answer 3

Defines network portion
Network portion if binary 1
Host portion if binary 0

Question 4

Classful Mask

Answer 4

Using default subnet mask

255.0.0.0

Question 5

Class A IP

Answer 5

First Octet: 1 - 126
Classful Mask decimal: 255.0.0.0
Classful Mask prefix: /8

Question 6

Class B IP

Answer 6

First Octet: 128 - 191
Classful Mask decimal: 255.255.0.0
Classful Mask prefix: /16

Question 7

Class C IP

Answer 7

First Octet: 192 - 223
Classful Mask decimal: 255.255.255.0
Classful Mask prefix: /24

Question 8

Class D IP

Answer 8

First Octet: 224 - 239
Classful Mask decimal: n/a
Classful Mask prefix: n/a

Question 9

Routable IPs

Answer 9

Publicly-routable IP addresses
Managed by ICANN
Purchased through ISP

Question 10

ICANN

Answer 10

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Question 11

Private IPs

Answer 11

Can be used by anyone

Not routable outside LAN

Question 12

NAT

Answer 12

Network Address Translation

Allows routing of private IPs through a public IP

Question 13

Private Class A IP

Answer 13

Address Range: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

Default subnet mask: 255.0.0.0

Question 14

Private Class B IP

Answer 14

Address Range: 172.16.0.0 - 171.31.255.255

Default subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

Question 15

Private Class C IP

Answer 15

Address Range: 192.168.0.0 - 192.169.255.255

Default subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

Question 16

Loopback addresses

Answer 16

127.x.x.x
Refer to device itself - used for testing
Commonly 127.0.0.1

Question 17

APIPA

Answer 17

Automatic Private IP Addresses
Dynamically assigned by OS when DHCP server unavailable
Range of 169.254.x.x
Non-routable

Question 18

IPv4 Unicast

Answer 18

Data travels from single source to single destination

Question 19

IPv4 Multicast

Answer 19

Data travels from single source to multiple specific destinations

Question 20

IPv4 Broadcast

Answer 20

Data travels from single source to all devices on destination network

Question 21

Static IP assignment

Answer 21

Simple
Time consuming
Human error
Impractical for large networks

Question 22

Dynamic IP assignment

Answer 22

Quick
Easy
Less confusing
Simple for large networks

Question 23

Information assigned from static or dynamic IP assignment

Answer 23

IP address
Subnet mask
Default gateway
Server addresses

Question 24

DHCP

Answer 24

Dynamic Host Control Protocol
Assigns IP from assignable pool (scope)
Provides clients with IP, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server, WINS server, and variables for VoIP
IP leased for given amount of time

Question 25

Zeroconfig

Answer 25

Zero Configuration Assigning link-local IP addresses Resolving computer names to IP addresses without need for DNS server - mDNS (Multicast DNS) Locating network services

Question 26

Subnetting

Answer 26

Dividing up large network into smaller networks | Barrowing bits from original host portion and adding them to network portion

Question 27

Number of created subnets formula

Answer 27

= 2^s | Where S is number of barrowed bits

Question 28

Number of assignable IP addresses formula

Answer 28

=2^h-2 | Where h is number of host bits

Question 29

CIDR

Answer 29

Classless Interdomain Routing Used to summarize contiguous networks as single route Route aggregation

Question 30

VLSM

Answer 30

Variable Length Subnet Masking Allows subnets of various sizes to be used Subnetting of subnets Requires protocol that supports it: RIPv2, OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP, BGP

Question 31

IPv6

Answer 31

More addresses No broadcasts No fragmentation Simplified header (5 fields instead of 12)

Question 32

IPv6 address structure

Answer 32

128 bits | Each hexadecimal is 4 bits

Question 33

IPv6 address types

Answer 33

Globally routable unicast addresses: begins with 2000 to 3999 Link local address: begins with FE80 Multicast address: begins with FF

Question 34

Does IPv6 need DHCP?

Answer 34

IPv6 uses auto config to discover current network Selects its own host ID based on MAC address Uses NDP to learn layer 2 addresses on the network

Question 35

NDP

Answer 35

``` Neighbor Discovery Protocol Used to learn layer 2 addresses on network Performs: Router solicitation Router advertisement Neighbor solicitation Neighbor advertisement Redirect ```

Question 36

Router solicitation

Answer 36

Host sends message to locate routers on link

Question 37

Router advertisement

Answer 37

Routers advertise their presence periodically and in response to solicitation

Question 38

Neighbor solicitation

Answer 38

Used by nodes to determine link layer addresses

Question 39

Neighbor advertisement

Answer 39

Used by nodes to respond to solicitation messages

Question 40

IPv6 Unicast

Answer 40

Same as IPv4 but with IPv6 addresses

Question 41

IPv6 Multicast

Answer 41

Same as IPv4 but with IPv6 addresses

Question 42

IPv6 Anycast

Answer 42

One host initiates efficient updating of router tables for group of hosts