Routes of Drug Administration Flashcards
what are three broad categories of administration routes
enteral, parenteral, topical
which pathway is enteral?
via the GI tract
parenteral route?
any route that does not involve the GI
such as an IV
topical
via the skin
why can insulin not be taken via oral route
because gastric acid destroys the drug
what route is insulin administered?
parenteral route - subcutaneous route
what is the first-pass effect?
digestive and liver enzymes transform and metabolize the drug into something else, and it loses its clinical value
what is the first-pass effects also known as?
pre-systemic metabolism
parenteral routes
deliver the medicine direct into the bloodstream where it has complete bioavailability
benefit of IV route?
rapid effect
what are the 3 ways to deliver IV ?
Bolus IV
Continuous IV infusion
IV piggyback (IVP)
bolus IV
drug administered over a short period
such as IV push
continuous IV infusion
drug administered to the patient over hours or days by continuous drip or infusion
IV piggyback (IVP)
small volume of IV med given in addition to an IV infusion
“pggybacking” through the primary IV line
oral (PO)
by mouth
buccal
between gums and cheek
sublingual
under the tongue
rectal
into the rectum
intravenous (IV)
into a vein
intramuscular (IM)
into a muscle
intracardiac
into the heart
intraosseous
into the bone marrow
intradermal
into the skin itself
intravitreal
through the eye
intraocular
into the eye
intravesical
into the bladder
subcutaneous (SC)
under the skin
transdermal
diffusion through skin for systemic effect
intrathecal
into the spinal canal
intracavernous
into the base of the penis
intraarticular
into a joint space
epidural
injection into the epidural space
intracerebrovascular
into cerebral ventricles of the brain
