Routes of Drug Administration

Question 1

what are three broad categories of administration routes

Answer 1

enteral, parenteral, topical

Question 2

which pathway is enteral?

Answer 2

via the GI tract

Question 3

parenteral route?

Answer 3

any route that does not involve the GI
such as an IV

Question 4

topical

Answer 4

via the skin

Question 5

why can insulin not be taken via oral route

Answer 5

because gastric acid destroys the drug

Question 6

what route is insulin administered?

Answer 6

parenteral route - subcutaneous route

Question 7

what is the first-pass effect?

Answer 7

digestive and liver enzymes transform and metabolize the drug into something else, and it loses its clinical value

Question 8

what is the first-pass effects also known as?

Answer 8

pre-systemic metabolism

Question 9

parenteral routes

Answer 9

deliver the medicine direct into the bloodstream where it has complete bioavailability

Question 10

benefit of IV route?

Answer 10

rapid effect

Question 11

what are the 3 ways to deliver IV ?

Answer 11

Bolus IV
Continuous IV infusion
IV piggyback (IVP)

Question 12

bolus IV

Answer 12

drug administered over a short period
such as IV push

Question 13

continuous IV infusion

Answer 13

drug administered to the patient over hours or days by continuous drip or infusion

Question 14

IV piggyback (IVP)

Answer 14

small volume of IV med given in addition to an IV infusion
“pggybacking” through the primary IV line

Question 15

oral (PO)

Answer 15

by mouth

Question 16

buccal

Answer 16

between gums and cheek

Question 17

sublingual

Answer 17

under the tongue

Question 18

rectal

Answer 18

into the rectum

Question 19

intravenous (IV)

Answer 19

into a vein

Question 20

intramuscular (IM)

Answer 20

into a muscle

Question 21

intracardiac

Answer 21

into the heart

Question 22

intraosseous

Answer 22

into the bone marrow

Question 23

intradermal

Answer 23

into the skin itself

Question 24

intravitreal

Answer 24

through the eye

Question 25

intraocular

Answer 25

into the eye

Question 26

intravesical

Answer 26

into the bladder

Question 27

subcutaneous (SC)

Answer 27

under the skin

Question 28

transdermal

Answer 28

diffusion through skin for systemic effect

Question 29

intrathecal

Answer 29

into the spinal canal

Question 30

intracavernous

Answer 30

into the base of the penis

Question 31

intraarticular

Answer 31

into a joint space

Question 32

epidural

Answer 32

injection into the epidural space

Question 33

intracerebrovascular

Answer 33

into cerebral ventricles of the brain