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French Wine Scholar 2024 > Roussillon > Flashcards

Roussillon Flashcards

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1
Q

In Muscat de Rivesaltes is the VDN usually made reductively or oxidatively?

A

It is only made reductively.

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2
Q

What are the grape varieties allowed in the Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC?

A

Muscat à Petit Grains & Muscat d’Alexandrie

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3
Q

What style of wine does the Banyuls Grand Cru AOC produce?

A

Red VDN only

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4
Q

What style of wine is made in the Maury AOC?

A

Dry reds (sec) and red and white VDN

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5
Q

What AOC is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?

A

Languedoc AOC

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6
Q

What is the 2nd largest AOC in Roussillon and what rivers are located here?

A
  • Côtes du Roussillon Villages (red only)
  • Rivers here: Agly and Têt

4 DGCs: Caramany, Latour-de-France, Lesquerde, Les Aspres, Tautavel

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7
Q

What is the largest AOC in Roussillon?

A

Côtes du Roussillon AOC (Regional)
white, rosé, & red

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8
Q

What are the 2 most important IGPs in Roussillon?

A
  1. Pay d’Oc IGP (most well-known)
  2. Côtes Catalanes IGP
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9
Q

What are the 2 regional AOCs of Roussillon?

A
  1. Languedoc AOC
  2. Côtes du Roussillon AOC
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10
Q

What is the 1 sub-regional AOC in Roussillon?

A

Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC

It produces red wine only.

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11
Q

What are the 2 grapes grown in Roussillon that are not grown in Languedoc?

A

Muscat d’Alexandrie & Tourbat (both white)

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12
Q

What are the general location for plantings for red and white grapes in Roussillon?

A
  • White grapes on the alluvial plains
  • Red grapes on stonier sites at higher elevation
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13
Q

What 3 rivers have a cooling effect on the Roussillon vineyards because they start in the Pyrénées?

A
  1. Agly
  2. Têt
  3. Tech
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14
Q

What mountains surround Roussillon?

A
  1. Corbières to the North
  2. Pyrenees to the West
  3. Albères to the South
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15
Q

What is the climate like in Roussillon?

A
  • Mediterranean climate
  • Inclement weather blocked and heat trapped by mountains
  • Sunny and dry (over 300 days of sunshine)
  • Some of highest temperatures in all of mainland France
  • Rain is winter-dominant
  • Always windy
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16
Q

What are the Spanish grapes used in Roussillon and the different synonyms?

A

Carignan - Cariñena
Mourvèdre - Mataro/Monastrell
Macabeu - Macabeo

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of the Banyuls AOC?

A
  • Makes fortified, white, rosé, and red (VDN)
  • Many of the vines are old
  • Most of production is Grenache-based red (most in oxidative styles)
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18
Q

What are the reductive and oxidative labeling words in Roussillon?

A

Reductive

  • Grenat (red)
  • Rimage (red)

Oxidative

  • Ambre (white oxidized)
  • Tuilé (red oxidized - Rivesaltes, Maury & Banyuls Grand Cru)
  • Tradtionnel (red oxidized - Banyuls)
  • Rancio (maderized) (red & white)
  • Hors d’age (minimum 5 years aging) (red & white)
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19
Q

What are the 5 VdN AOCs in Roussillon?

A
  1. Muscat de Rivesaltes (white only)
  2. Rivesaltes (white, rosé, and red)
  3. Maury (white and red)
  4. Banyuls (white, rosé, and red)
  5. Banyuls Grand Cru (red only)
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20
Q

What are the 2 ways that VdNs can be aged in Roussillon?

A

Reductively (without oxygen)

  • topping barrels to their fullest
  • this delivers fresh fruit forward and dominant VdNs

Oxidatively (with oxygen)

  • not topping up barrels, leaving some headspace for air
  • use sun exposure to speed up the process
  • delivers nutty, toffee wines with some hints of maderization
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21
Q

What are the primary white grapes in VDNs not labeled “Muscat”?

A

Grenache Blanc
Tourbat
Maccabeu

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22
Q

What grape is primary for red VdNs?

A

Grenache

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of Roussillon VDNs–what % of all French, ABV, and RS?

A

Represent 80% of all French VdNs
Minimum 15% ABV
Minimum 4.5% (45 g/l) RS

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of the Maury (Sec) AOC?

A
  • dry red only
  • Blend of at least 2 grapes with Grenache as main.
  • Aged until March 1 after harvest.
  • The word “sec” must appear on the label.
25
Q

What are the characteristics of the Côtes du Roussillon AOC and percentages of white, rosé, and red?

A
  • Roussillon’s largest by volume AOC.
  • variety of styles
  • 2019: 50% red, 42% rosé, 8% white
26
Q

What are the characteristics of the Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC?

A
  • Red only
  • Extends thru the Têt and Agly river valleys
  • Grapes are Grenache dominant but must be a blend of 2 varieties
  • Five DGCs
27
Q

What are the DGCs of the Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC?

A

5 Villages that can append their name
- Caramany
- Latour-de-France
- Les Aspres
- Lesquerde
- Tautavel
Each has a slightly diffferent grape focus and blending formula.

28
Q

What are the characteristics of the Collioure AOC?

A
  • white, rosé, and red
  • Southernmost appellation in mainland France
  • Collioure and Banyuls share the same zone of production. Collioure is for dry wine Banyuls is for VdN.
  • Reds and rosés: blends of a least two varieties
  • Whites mainly Grenache Blanc and Grenache Gris
29
Q

What is the primary grape for the Banyuls and Maury AOCs?

A

Grenache

30
Q

What mountains create a rain shadow effect on Roussillon?

A

The Pyrénées

31
Q

What is “Rancio” in Roussillon?

A

very oxidized red and white wine

32
Q

What is “Hors d’age” in Roussillon?

A

Minimum 5 years aging oxidatively either red or white wine.

33
Q

What is “Tuile” in Roussillon?

A

oxidative red wine

Used in Rivesaltes, Maury, and Banyuls Grand Cru

34
Q

What is “Grenat” in Roussillon?

A

A reductive red wine, the term is used in Rivesaltes and Maury AOCs

35
Q

What is “Rimage” in Roussillon?

A

A reductive red wine used in Banyuls AOC

36
Q

What is “Ambre” in Roussillon?

A

An oxidative white wine

Used in Rivesaltes, Maury, and Banyuls

37
Q

What 2 ways are VdNs made in Roussillon?

A
  1. Reductive (without oxygen) - Retains fresh fruit and floral aromatics
  2. Oxidatively (with oxygen) - more savory, nuts and toffee notes
38
Q

What grapes can be used in Roussillon VDNs?

A

White VDN
- Muscat à Petit Grains
- Muscat d’Alexandrie
- Grenache Blanc
- Grenache Gris
- Malvoisie du Roussillon
- Maccabeu

Red VDN
- Grenache Noir

39
Q

What VDN AOCs are produced in Roussillon?

A
  • Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC
  • Rivesaltes AOC
  • Maury AOC
  • Banyuls AOC
  • Banyuls Grand Cru AOC
40
Q

What percentage of all French VDN is produced in Roussillon?

A

80%

41
Q

What style of wine is Roussillons claim to fame?

A

Vin Doux Naturels (VDN)

42
Q

What is the most common soil type in Roussillon?

A

Iron rich, sandy red clay

Red clay giving the name to Roussillon (Red = Rousse)

43
Q

What is the prevailing wind in Roussillon?

A

The Tramontane
* Comes from the north
* Reduces humidity and chases the clouds away giving over 300 days of sun/year

44
Q

Where is Roussillon located?

A

Southernmost part of France
* WEST: Pyrénées
* NORTH: Languedoc
* SOUTH: Spain
* EAST: Mediterranean

45
Q

Banyuls shares the same delimited zone of production of what other AOC?

A

Collioure

46
Q

Is Banyuls Grand Cru VDN made reductively or oxidatively?

A

Always oxidized

47
Q

What wine style can be made under the Côtes du Roussillon Villages designation?

A

Red wine only

48
Q

What is the climate of Roussillon?

A

Mediterranean, with lots of heat and sunshine

49
Q

What are the DGCs of the Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC?

A

Caramany
Latour-de-France
Les Aspres
Lesquerde
Tautavel

50
Q

The prevailing north wind in Roussillon is called?

A

The Tramontane

51
Q

What are Roussillons most important rivers?

A

Agly
Têt
Tech

52
Q

What wines may be labeled Hors d’age?

A

Oxidized VDNs aged a minimum of 5 years

53
Q

What IGP is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?

A

Pays d’Oc IGP

54
Q

The southernmost AOC in France is?

A

Collioure/Banyuls

55
Q

What is the main grape variety used to produce red VDN?

A

Grenache

56
Q

A “Bonbonne” is?

A

A large glass jar used for maturing VDNs

57
Q

Roussillon is best known for what style of wine?

A

Vins Doux Naturels (VDN)

58
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Collioure AOC?

A

dry white, rosé, and red

59
Q

What effect does the Tramontane have on Roussillon?

A

The Tramontane reduces humidity and the risk of vine disease.

French Wine Scholar 2024 (17 decks)

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