Roussillon Flashcards
In Muscat de Rivesaltes is the VDN usually made reductively or oxidatively?
It is only made reductively.
What are the grape varieties allowed in the Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC?
Muscat à Petit Grains & Muscat d’Alexandrie
What style of wine does the Banyuls Grand Cru AOC produce?
Red VDN only
What style of wine is made in the Maury AOC?
Dry reds (sec) and red and white VDN
What AOC is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?
Languedoc AOC
What is the 2nd largest AOC in Roussillon and what rivers are located here?
- Côtes du Roussillon Villages (red only)
- Rivers here: Agly and Têt
4 DGCs: Caramany, Latour-de-France, Lesquerde, Les Aspres, Tautavel
What is the largest AOC in Roussillon?
Côtes du Roussillon AOC (Regional)
white, rosé, & red
What are the 2 most important IGPs in Roussillon?
- Pay d’Oc IGP (most well-known)
- Côtes Catalanes IGP
What are the 2 regional AOCs of Roussillon?
- Languedoc AOC
- Côtes du Roussillon AOC
What is the 1 sub-regional AOC in Roussillon?
Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC
It produces red wine only.
What are the 2 grapes grown in Roussillon that are not grown in Languedoc?
Muscat d’Alexandrie & Tourbat (both white)
What are the general location for plantings for red and white grapes in Roussillon?
- White grapes on the alluvial plains
- Red grapes on stonier sites at higher elevation
What 3 rivers have a cooling effect on the Roussillon vineyards because they start in the Pyrénées?
- Agly
- Têt
- Tech
What mountains surround Roussillon?
- Corbières to the North
- Pyrenees to the West
- Albères to the South
What is the climate like in Roussillon?
- Mediterranean climate
- Inclement weather blocked and heat trapped by mountains
- Sunny and dry (over 300 days of sunshine)
- Some of highest temperatures in all of mainland France
- Rain is winter-dominant
- Always windy
What are the Spanish grapes used in Roussillon and the different synonyms?
Carignan - Cariñena
Mourvèdre - Mataro/Monastrell
Macabeu - Macabeo
What are the characteristics of the Banyuls AOC?
- Makes fortified, white, rosé, and red (VDN)
- Many of the vines are old
- Most of production is Grenache-based red (most in oxidative styles)
What are the reductive and oxidative labeling words in Roussillon?
Reductive
- Grenat (red)
- Rimage (red)
Oxidative
- Ambre (white oxidized)
- Tuilé (red oxidized - Rivesaltes, Maury & Banyuls Grand Cru)
- Tradtionnel (red oxidized - Banyuls)
- Rancio (maderized) (red & white)
- Hors d’age (minimum 5 years aging) (red & white)
What are the 5 VdN AOCs in Roussillon?
- Muscat de Rivesaltes (white only)
- Rivesaltes (white, rosé, and red)
- Maury (white and red)
- Banyuls (white, rosé, and red)
- Banyuls Grand Cru (red only)
What are the 2 ways that VdNs can be aged in Roussillon?
Reductively (without oxygen)
- topping barrels to their fullest
- this delivers fresh fruit forward and dominant VdNs
Oxidatively (with oxygen)
- not topping up barrels, leaving some headspace for air
- use sun exposure to speed up the process
- delivers nutty, toffee wines with some hints of maderization
What are the primary white grapes in VDNs not labeled “Muscat”?
Grenache Blanc
Tourbat
Maccabeu
What grape is primary for red VdNs?
Grenache
What are the characteristics of Roussillon VDNs–what % of all French, ABV, and RS?
Represent 80% of all French VdNs
Minimum 15% ABV
Minimum 4.5% (45 g/l) RS
What are the characteristics of the Maury (Sec) AOC?
- dry red only
- Blend of at least 2 grapes with Grenache as main.
- Aged until March 1 after harvest.
- The word “sec” must appear on the label.
What are the characteristics of the Côtes du Roussillon AOC and percentages of white, rosé, and red?
- Roussillon’s largest by volume AOC.
- variety of styles
- 2019: 50% red, 42% rosé, 8% white
What are the characteristics of the Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC?
- Red only
- Extends thru the Têt and Agly river valleys
- Grapes are Grenache dominant but must be a blend of 2 varieties
- Five DGCs
What are the DGCs of the Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC?
5 Villages that can append their name
- Caramany
- Latour-de-France
- Les Aspres
- Lesquerde
- Tautavel
Each has a slightly diffferent grape focus and blending formula.
What are the characteristics of the Collioure AOC?
- white, rosé, and red
- Southernmost appellation in mainland France
- Collioure and Banyuls share the same zone of production. Collioure is for dry wine Banyuls is for VdN.
- Reds and rosés: blends of a least two varieties
- Whites mainly Grenache Blanc and Grenache Gris
What is the primary grape for the Banyuls and Maury AOCs?
Grenache
What mountains create a rain shadow effect on Roussillon?
The Pyrénées
What is “Rancio” in Roussillon?
very oxidized red and white wine
What is “Hors d’age” in Roussillon?
Minimum 5 years aging oxidatively either red or white wine.
What is “Tuile” in Roussillon?
oxidative red wine
Used in Rivesaltes, Maury, and Banyuls Grand Cru
What is “Grenat” in Roussillon?
A reductive red wine, the term is used in Rivesaltes and Maury AOCs
What is “Rimage” in Roussillon?
A reductive red wine used in Banyuls AOC
What is “Ambre” in Roussillon?
An oxidative white wine
Used in Rivesaltes, Maury, and Banyuls
What 2 ways are VdNs made in Roussillon?
- Reductive (without oxygen) - Retains fresh fruit and floral aromatics
- Oxidatively (with oxygen) - more savory, nuts and toffee notes
What grapes can be used in Roussillon VDNs?
White VDN
- Muscat à Petit Grains
- Muscat d’Alexandrie
- Grenache Blanc
- Grenache Gris
- Malvoisie du Roussillon
- Maccabeu
Red VDN
- Grenache Noir
What VDN AOCs are produced in Roussillon?
- Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC
- Rivesaltes AOC
- Maury AOC
- Banyuls AOC
- Banyuls Grand Cru AOC
What percentage of all French VDN is produced in Roussillon?
80%
What style of wine is Roussillons claim to fame?
Vin Doux Naturels (VDN)
What is the most common soil type in Roussillon?
Iron rich, sandy red clay
Red clay giving the name to Roussillon (Red = Rousse)
What is the prevailing wind in Roussillon?
The Tramontane
* Comes from the north
* Reduces humidity and chases the clouds away giving over 300 days of sun/year
Where is Roussillon located?
Southernmost part of France
* WEST: Pyrénées
* NORTH: Languedoc
* SOUTH: Spain
* EAST: Mediterranean
Banyuls shares the same delimited zone of production of what other AOC?
Collioure
Is Banyuls Grand Cru VDN made reductively or oxidatively?
Always oxidized
What wine style can be made under the Côtes du Roussillon Villages designation?
Red wine only
What is the climate of Roussillon?
Mediterranean, with lots of heat and sunshine
What are the DGCs of the Côtes du Roussillon Villages AOC?
Caramany
Latour-de-France
Les Aspres
Lesquerde
Tautavel
The prevailing north wind in Roussillon is called?
The Tramontane
What are Roussillons most important rivers?
Agly
Têt
Tech
What wines may be labeled Hors d’age?
Oxidized VDNs aged a minimum of 5 years
What IGP is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?
Pays d’Oc IGP
The southernmost AOC in France is?
Collioure/Banyuls
What is the main grape variety used to produce red VDN?
Grenache
A “Bonbonne” is?
A large glass jar used for maturing VDNs
Roussillon is best known for what style of wine?
Vins Doux Naturels (VDN)
What styles of wine are made in the Collioure AOC?
dry white, rosé, and red
What effect does the Tramontane have on Roussillon?
The Tramontane reduces humidity and the risk of vine disease.