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French Wine Scholar 2024 > Beaujolais > Flashcards

Beaujolais Flashcards

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1
Q

What Beaujolais Crus are the longest aging?

A

Morgon
Moulin-à-Vent
Chénas

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2
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is the smallest?

A

Chénas

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3
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is named after Julius Cesar?

A

Juliénas

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4
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is the northernmost?

A

Saint Amour

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5
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is the highest?

A

Chiroubles

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6
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is the newest?

A

Régnié

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7
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is the largest?

A

Brouilly

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8
Q

What Beaujolais Cru has slopes facing all directions?

A

Côte de Brouilly

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9
Q

What are the 12 AOCs of Beaujolais?

A
  • Beaujolais AOC (regional)
  • Beaujolais Villages AOC (38 villages)
  • Saint Amour AOC
  • Juliénas AOC
  • Chénas AOC
  • Moulin-à-Vent AOC
  • Fleurie AOC
  • Chiroubles AOC
  • Morgon AOC
  • Régnié AOC
  • Côte de Brouilly AOC
  • Brouilly AOC
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10
Q

How many AOCs in Beaujolais?

A

12

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11
Q

2/3 of all Beaujolais Nouveau production is bottled as what AOC?

A

Beaujolais AOC

1/3 is classified as Beaujolais Villages AOC

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12
Q

How much of the total Beaujolais production is Nouveau?

A

20%

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13
Q

When is the release of Nouveau?

A

The 3rd Thursday in November

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14
Q

Why is vatting time important in Beaujolais?

A

Longer vatting time gives:

  1. Deeper, richer pigented wine
  2. Increases the structure (tannins) & aromatics of the wine
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15
Q

What are the vatting times in Beaujolais for:
* Nouveau
* Beaujolais
* Beaujolais Villages
* Cru level

A
  • Nouveau: 2-3 days
  • Beaujolais: 4-6 days
  • Beaujolais Villages: 5-9 days
  • Cru level: 8-15 days
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16
Q

What flavors does carbonic maceration add to the wine.

A

Banana, cherry candy, raspberry and cranberry

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17
Q

What is the training method in the North & South Beaujolais areas?

A
  • North: mainly gobelet also cordon & éventail
  • South: guyot
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18
Q

What is the topography of the North and South Beaujolais areas?

A
  • North: Mountains
  • South: Gentle slopes & rolling plains
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19
Q

What are the soils of the North and South Beaujolais areas?

A
  • North: Granite, schist, arène, gorrhe
  • South: Clay/limestone, pierres dorées & river alluviums
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20
Q

What 3 things differentiate North and South Beaujolais areas?

A

soils
topography
training methods

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21
Q

What are the 2 rivers of Beaujolais?

A

The Saone & Nizerand rivers

The Nizerand separates North & South Beaujolais.

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Moulin-à-Vent?

A
  • It is named after a local historical windmill
  • Most full-bodied and tannic of all Crus
  • Has a tendency to become “Pinot-Like” locally called Pinoter
  • Can last a decade

Soil: Arène, decomposed pink granite rich in manganese

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Morgon?

A
  • 2nd largest cru
  • Soils: Roches Pourries (rotted rocks), decomposed schist rich in iron and manganese
  • Flavors of ripe cherry, cherry jam & kirsch
  • Full-bodied
  • “Morgonner”/”Morgonne” = to pick up notes of forest floor (Sous Bois)
  • Ageability: 5-10 years
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24
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Chénas

A
  • Smallest Cru
  • Located on an ancient oak forest Chénas means oak tree
  • Described as “a bouquet of flowers”
  • Full-bodied

Soil: Granite at elevation; clay & stone lower on slopes

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25
Q

What are the 3 full bodied Crus in Beaujolais that have structure and staying power?

A
  1. Chénas
  2. Moulin-à-Vent
  3. Morgon
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26
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Brouilly?

A
  • Takes its name from Mont Brouilly
  • Southernmost of all crus
  • Largest of all crus (represents 20% of all cru Area)
  • Medium-bodied

Soil is decomposed diorite (cornes verts) blue green in color.

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of Côte de Brouilly?

A
  • Located on the slopes of Mont Brouilly
  • Only Cru with vineyards facing all directions
  • Medium-bodied

Soil: decomposed diorite with some pink granite on the western slope.

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28
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Juliénas?

A
  • Named after Julius Cesar
  • Medium-bodied
  • Vineyards are south facing

Soils: granite veined with magnesium and porphyry (alluvial clay).

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29
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Régnié?

A
  • It is the newest Beaujolais Cru (1985)
  • Vineyards face east
  • Medium-bodied

Soil is Pink granite, decomposed schist & arène (weathered feldspar)

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30
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Saint Amour?

A
  • Northernmost Cru
  • produces wines of both short and long maceration times
  • wines tend to be in soft and light style

* Soils: granite and clay

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31
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Fleurie?

A
  • Named after a Roman Legionnaire
  • Wines are elegant and aromatic
  • Considered most floral/feminine of all the Crus
  • Soft and light

Soils are Pink Granite & Clay

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32
Q

What are the characteristics of the Beaujolais Cru Chiroubles?

A
  • Highest in elevation & coolest
  • It is the last to harvest
  • Vineyards face southeast
  • This Cru is considered benchmark Beaujolais
  • Soft and light

Soil is granite and gorrhe.

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33
Q

What are the 3 light bodied Crus of Beaujolais?

A
  1. Saint Amour
  2. Fleurie
  3. Chiroubles
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34
Q

What are some key characteristics of the Beaujolais Crus?

A
  • 100% red & 100% Gamay
  • Soils: Granite, schist & mineral sands
  • Yields: Lowest in Beaujolais, Planting density is high
  • Vines are short pruned & hand harvested
  • Vatting time 8-15 days
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35
Q

From north to south what are the 10 Crus of Beaujolais?

A
  1. Saint Amour
  2. Juliénas
  3. Chénas
  4. Moulin-à-Vent
  5. Fleurie
  6. Chiroubles
  7. Morgon
  8. Régnié
  9. Côte de Brouilly
  10. Brouilly (note: Brouilly surrounds Côte de Brouilly)
36
Q

What are the steps in Carbonic Maceration?

A
  1. Whole clusters and berries are put into the tank without pressing
  2. The weight causes bottom grapes to burst, creating an anaerobic environment inside the berries
  3. The length of time allows more and more grapes to burst increasing alcohol, pigment and tannins
37
Q

What is the harvesting method in Beaujolais?

A

Hand harvesting

Machine harvesting on request

38
Q

What are the training methods in Beaujolais?

A

For red Beaujolais Village &amp Cru level
* Gobelet (traditional)
* Cordon (simple or double)
* Eventail
The lower yields concentrates the juice

For Beaujolais AOC and white Beaujolais Villages
* Guyot - Generates higher yields

39
Q

Describe Gamay.

A
  • A cross between Gouais Blanc & a member of the Pinot family
  • Thin skinned with low tannins & and high acidity
  • Light to medium bodied wine with bright purple pigments & bold aromatics
  • Represents 98% of all Beaujolais plantings
40
Q

What are the 3 topographies of Beaujolais from north to south?

A
  1. Monts du Beaujolais
  2. Gentle hills
  3. Rolling Plains
41
Q

Where are the Crus of Beaujolais located?

A

Best vineyards are located on the southwest aspect of the steep Monts de Beaujolais.

42
Q

What is the topography of the North and South Beaujolais?

A

Mountains in the North
Rolling slopes in the South

43
Q

What are the characteristics of Gamay on the different soils of North & South Beaujolais

A
  • On the granite and schist of the north it is more structured and complex, used for the Beaujolais Crus.
  • On the clay and limestone of the south it is light, fruity and easy drinking. Used for the regional Beaujolais AOC.
44
Q

What is the soil of Southern Beaujolais?

A
  • Clay (sedimentary)
  • Limestone (sedimentary)
  • Also a broken yellow limestone called Pierres Dorées
45
Q

What is the soil of Northern Beaujolais?

A
  • Granite (igneous rock)
  • Schist (metamorphic rock)
  • Arène & Gorrhe (weathered feldspar, micas, quartz & more)
  • over 300 million years old
46
Q

Who ruled Beaujolais in the 10th Century?

A

The Lords of Beaujeu

47
Q

What is the climate of Beaujolais?

A
  • Semi-Continental
  • It experiences all 4 seasons
  • But because of the Mediterranean its climate is slightly buffered
48
Q

What level of wine is produced in the marl & limestone of Southern Beaujolais?

A

AOC level wine

49
Q

What level of wine is produced in the Northern Beaujolais on its granite & schist?

A

Beaujolais Crus & Beaujolais Villages

50
Q

What river divides Northern and Southern Beaujolais?

A

The Nizerand

51
Q

What is the position of Beaujolais in France?

A
  • The Macon to the north
  • City of Lyon to the south
  • Monts de Beaujolais to the west
  • Saone River to the east
52
Q

What is the land area dimension of Beaujolais?

A

34 miles north to south
7-9 miles east to west

53
Q

What year did the INAO officially change the release of Nouveau to the 3rd Thursday in November?

A

1985

54
Q

What does it mean when wines are made “primeur”?

A

The drinking of wine when it is first vinified (Nouveau)

Gamay is well suited for this due to its fruitiness and low tannins.

55
Q

What impact did the railways have on Beaujolais?

A

It expanded the wine market with Paris becoming one of its top customers.

56
Q

Who maintained the vineyards from the 7th century through the middle ages?

A

The Benedictine Monks

57
Q

What AOC is named after Julius Cesar?

A

Juliénas

58
Q

What is the southernmost cru in northern Beaujolais?

A

Brouilly

59
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is famous for it soils of “Roches Pourries” (decomposed schist)?

A

Morgon AOC

60
Q

What is Arène (or Gorrhe)?

A

A sandy, mineral-rich soil found in Northern Beaujolais

61
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is considered the most fruity, delicate and floral?

A

Fleurie

62
Q

What 3 Beaujolais Crus are regarded as having the greatest aging potential?

A
  1. Chénas
  2. Moulin-à-Vent
  3. Morgon
63
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is the largest in Size?

A

Brouilly

64
Q

What grape variety(ies) is/are used to produce red beaujolais?

A

Beaujolais AOC red wines must contain at least:
85% Gamay
Up to 15%:
* Pinot Gris (w)
* Pinot Noir
* Chardonnay (w)
* Aligoté (w)
* Melon de Bourgogne (w)

65
Q

What grape variety is used to produce white Beaujolais AOC?

A

100% Chardonnay

66
Q

What is the climate of Beaujolais?

A

Semi-continental with Mediterranean influences

67
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is generally considered the most age-worthy full bodied and tannic?

A

Moulin-à-Vent

68
Q

What is the smallest Beaujolais AOC?

A

Chénas

69
Q

What soil type generally produces more structured, complex wine in Beaujolais?

A

Granite and schist

70
Q

What type of soil is preferred by Gamay?

A

Granite

71
Q

What method is generally used to make sparkling sweet rosé wine in Beaujolais?

A

Methode Ancestrale

72
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is known for Cornes Verts (blue-green soil)

A

Brouilly

73
Q

What grape is responsible for 98% of the wines in Beaujolais?

A

Gamay

74
Q

What river flows east of Beaujolais?

A

The Saône

75
Q

The tendency of Moulin-à-Vent to become Pinot Noir like as it ages is called?

A

“Pinoter” a verb used in Beaujolais to describe the wine changing

76
Q

Is Beaujolais Nouveau a style of wine or an AOC?

A

It is a style of wine that can be made under the Beaujolais or Beaujolais Village AOC’s

77
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is considered to be benchmark Beaujolais?

A

Chiroubles

78
Q

What river divides northern and southern Beaujolais?

A

The Nizerand

79
Q

What is the northernmost Beaujolais Cru?

A

Saint Amour

80
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is considered to be King of Beaujolais?

A

Moulin-à-Vent

81
Q

Before the French Revolution what 5 sub regions made up the “Grande Bourgogne”?

A
  1. Chablis
  2. Côte-d’Or
  3. Côte Chalonnaise
  4. Mâconnais
  5. Beaujolais
82
Q

What is carbonic maceration?

A

An enzymatic, whole berry fermentation, designed to capitalize on fruity aromas vs pigment and tannin.

83
Q

What Beaujolais Cru is the newest?

A

Régnié AOC (1985)

84
Q

What are the medium bodied Crus of Beaujolais?

A
  1. Juliénas
  2. Régnié
  3. Brouilly
  4. Côte de Brouilly
85
Q

What Beaujolais Cru has the highest elevation and coolest climate?

A

Chiroubles

French Wine Scholar 2024 (17 decks)

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