Rotavirus, Meningococcal, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Herpes Zoster Flashcards
Rotavirus is caused by…
Viral infection - many serotypes
Rotavirus is transmitted via…
Fecal-oral
Signs + symptoms of rotavirus include…
diarrhea
Fever, vomiting, stomach pain
Is contagious before individual is ill, and for 24 hours after diarrhea
Rotavirus immunization is a…
Live, attenuated oral vaccine (pentavalent, or monovalent)
Rotavirus is CI in…
Immunocompromised infants
Rotavirus immunizations should be given…
Childhood immunization schedule (3 doses)
Can babies eat with the rotavirus vaccine?
Yes - can breastfeed, eat, and drink any time before + after receiving rotavirus vaccine
If an infant spits up or regurgitates after rotavirus vaccine, we should…
NOT give a replacement dose
After rotavirus vaccine, the virus is shed in stool for _____.
Up to 10 days - caution around immunocompromised household members
Rotavirus vaccination does have unique AE’s such as…
Fever, diarrhea, irritability, loss of appetite
Some may have abdominal pain, dermatitis
One serious AE from rotavirus vaccination is ____. However…
Bowel obstruction - however, very low absolute risk.
Usually not given if there is history of bowel obstruction
Meningococcus is caused by…
Bacterial infection - many serotypes
Meningococcus is transmitted via…
Respiratory droplets
Crowded housing = big risk factor
Meningococcus causes ____ and ____, which can lead to complications such as…
Meningitis, bacteremia
Can lead to limb amputations, hearing loss, brain damage, seizures, skin scarring…
The meningococcal vaccine is…
Inactivated - conjugate vaccine
monovalent (Men-C-C) for 1st dose
Quadrivalent (Men-C-ACWY) for booster
Meningococcal immunization should be given…
With childhood immunization schedule (1 dose before 12 months and 1 at grade 6)
Adult = no routine booster unless increased risk of acquiring meningococcal disease (transplant)
This type of meningococcus is not routinely vaccinated against, except for…
Serogroup B - only for special populations
Measles is caused by…
Viral infection
Measles is transmitted via…
Respiratory droplets; highly infectious
Signs & symptoms of measles include…
Fever
Sore throat
Cough
Runny nose
Red rash
URTI
Complications of measles include…
AOM, pneumonia
Encephalitis
Seizures, deafness, brain damage
Death
Mumps is caused by…
Viral infection
Mumps is transmitted via…
Respiratory droplets
Signs + symptoms of mumps include…
URTI - fever, respiratory symptoms, parotitis
Complications of mumps may lead to…
Meningitis, encephalitis
Swollen testicles/ovaries
Congenital malformations or abortions in pregnancy
Rubella is caused by…
Viral infection
Rubella is transmitted via…
Respiratory droplets
Signs + symptoms of rubella can include…
Flu-like symptoms (rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fever)
Complications of rubella include…
Congenital malformations, miscarriage during pregnancy
Varicella is caused by…
Varicella = Chicken pox
Viral infection
Varicella is transmitted via…
Respiratory droplets
Direct contact with blister fluid
Vertical transmission (mom to baby)
Symptoms of varicella include…
High fever, red itchy rash
Rash begins as red spots, that become fluid-filled blisters; eventually crust over
Complications of varicella include…
Skin + soft tissue infections
Pneumonia
Reactivation of virus - herpes zoster/shingles
The MMR/V vaccine is a…
Live, attenuated
Therefore CI in pregnancy + immunocompromised patients
Varicella is available monovalent by itself as well
MMRV contains trace amounts of ____ and ____, so we need to be cautious…
Neomycin and gentamicin - cautious in those with severe allergies
Efficacy of MMRV vaccine increases with age because…
Maternal antibodies can decrease live vaccine replication + impact efficacy
MMR +/- V immunizations should be given…
Childhood immunization series (2 doses)
Not routine for adults unless unvaccinated (would have to give MMR and V separately)
Most adults will be vaccinated against varicella
MMR vaccine AE’s include…
Typical injection reactions (soreness, redness, swelling at injection site)
Mild subclinical injection occuring 1 week after (malaise, fever +/- rash)
Possible joint aches from rubella component
RARE occurrences of febrile seizure
Varicella vaccine AE’s include…
Swelling, redness, low-grade fever
Varicella-like rash (blisters) at injection site may develop (less contagious)
Herpes zoster is caused by ____
Viral infection - reactivation of varicella zoster virus
AKA Shingles
HZV occurs most frequently among…
Older adults, immunocompromised patients
Periods of stress
Signs + symptoms of HZV include…
Prodromal pain before rash
Maculopapular, vesicular rash that is painful and itchy, occurring along 1 or 2 dermatomes that do not cross midline
An important complication of HZV is…
Postherpetic neuralgia
Shingrix vaccine is a…
Adjuvanted, recombinant
If someone has a HZV/shingles episode, we should wait ____ before immunizing with shingrix
Post acute episode (American guidelines) , to 1+ year (NACI)
HZV is normally indicated for adults ____, but it could be given to adults 18+ if…
Adults 50+; may be given to adults 18+ immunocompromised and have varicella immunity
Shingrix dosing schedule is…
2 doses (0, 2-6 months)
Immunosuppressed = 1-2 months after first
