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Immunizations > Rotavirus, Meningococcal, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Herpes Zoster > Flashcards

Rotavirus, Meningococcal, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Herpes Zoster Flashcards

1
Q

Rotavirus is caused by…

A

Viral infection - many serotypes

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2
Q

Rotavirus is transmitted via…

A

Fecal-oral

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3
Q

Signs + symptoms of rotavirus include…

A

diarrhea
Fever, vomiting, stomach pain

Is contagious before individual is ill, and for 24 hours after diarrhea

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4
Q

Rotavirus immunization is a…

A

Live, attenuated oral vaccine (pentavalent, or monovalent)

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5
Q

Rotavirus is CI in…

A

Immunocompromised infants

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6
Q

Rotavirus immunizations should be given…

A

Childhood immunization schedule (3 doses)

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7
Q

Can babies eat with the rotavirus vaccine?

A

Yes - can breastfeed, eat, and drink any time before + after receiving rotavirus vaccine

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8
Q

If an infant spits up or regurgitates after rotavirus vaccine, we should…

A

NOT give a replacement dose

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9
Q

After rotavirus vaccine, the virus is shed in stool for _____.

A

Up to 10 days - caution around immunocompromised household members

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10
Q

Rotavirus vaccination does have unique AE’s such as…

A

Fever, diarrhea, irritability, loss of appetite
Some may have abdominal pain, dermatitis

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11
Q

One serious AE from rotavirus vaccination is ____. However…

A

Bowel obstruction - however, very low absolute risk.

Usually not given if there is history of bowel obstruction

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12
Q

Meningococcus is caused by…

A

Bacterial infection - many serotypes

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13
Q

Meningococcus is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets
Crowded housing = big risk factor

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14
Q

Meningococcus causes ____ and ____, which can lead to complications such as…

A

Meningitis, bacteremia
Can lead to limb amputations, hearing loss, brain damage, seizures, skin scarring…

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15
Q

The meningococcal vaccine is…

A

Inactivated - conjugate vaccine
monovalent (Men-C-C) for 1st dose
Quadrivalent (Men-C-ACWY) for booster

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16
Q

Meningococcal immunization should be given…

A

With childhood immunization schedule (1 dose before 12 months and 1 at grade 6)
Adult = no routine booster unless increased risk of acquiring meningococcal disease (transplant)

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17
Q

This type of meningococcus is not routinely vaccinated against, except for…

A

Serogroup B - only for special populations

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18
Q

Measles is caused by…

A

Viral infection

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19
Q

Measles is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets; highly infectious

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20
Q

Signs & symptoms of measles include…

A

Fever
Sore throat
Cough
Runny nose
Red rash

URTI

21
Q

Complications of measles include…

A

AOM, pneumonia
Encephalitis
Seizures, deafness, brain damage
Death

22
Q

Mumps is caused by…

A

Viral infection

23
Q

Mumps is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets

24
Q

Signs + symptoms of mumps include…

A

URTI - fever, respiratory symptoms, parotitis

25
Q

Complications of mumps may lead to…

A

Meningitis, encephalitis
Swollen testicles/ovaries
Congenital malformations or abortions in pregnancy

26
Q

Rubella is caused by…

A

Viral infection

27
Q

Rubella is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets

28
Q

Signs + symptoms of rubella can include…

A

Flu-like symptoms (rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fever)

29
Q

Complications of rubella include…

A

Congenital malformations, miscarriage during pregnancy

30
Q

Varicella is caused by…

Varicella = Chicken pox

A

Viral infection

31
Q

Varicella is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets
Direct contact with blister fluid
Vertical transmission (mom to baby)

32
Q

Symptoms of varicella include…

A

High fever, red itchy rash
Rash begins as red spots, that become fluid-filled blisters; eventually crust over

33
Q

Complications of varicella include…

A

Skin + soft tissue infections
Pneumonia
Reactivation of virus - herpes zoster/shingles

34
Q

The MMR/V vaccine is a…

A

Live, attenuated
Therefore CI in pregnancy + immunocompromised patients

Varicella is available monovalent by itself as well

35
Q

MMRV contains trace amounts of ____ and ____, so we need to be cautious…

A

Neomycin and gentamicin - cautious in those with severe allergies

36
Q

Efficacy of MMRV vaccine increases with age because…

A

Maternal antibodies can decrease live vaccine replication + impact efficacy

37
Q

MMR +/- V immunizations should be given…

A

Childhood immunization series (2 doses)
Not routine for adults unless unvaccinated (would have to give MMR and V separately)

Most adults will be vaccinated against varicella

38
Q

MMR vaccine AE’s include…

A

Typical injection reactions (soreness, redness, swelling at injection site)
Mild subclinical injection occuring 1 week after (malaise, fever +/- rash)
Possible joint aches from rubella component

RARE occurrences of febrile seizure

39
Q

Varicella vaccine AE’s include…

A

Swelling, redness, low-grade fever
Varicella-like rash (blisters) at injection site may develop (less contagious)

40
Q

Herpes zoster is caused by ____

A

Viral infection - reactivation of varicella zoster virus

AKA Shingles

41
Q

HZV occurs most frequently among…

A

Older adults, immunocompromised patients
Periods of stress

42
Q

Signs + symptoms of HZV include…

A

Prodromal pain before rash
Maculopapular, vesicular rash that is painful and itchy, occurring along 1 or 2 dermatomes that do not cross midline

43
Q

An important complication of HZV is…

A

Postherpetic neuralgia

44
Q

Shingrix vaccine is a…

A

Adjuvanted, recombinant

45
Q

If someone has a HZV/shingles episode, we should wait ____ before immunizing with shingrix

A

Post acute episode (American guidelines) , to 1+ year (NACI)

46
Q

HZV is normally indicated for adults ____, but it could be given to adults 18+ if…

A

Adults 50+; may be given to adults 18+ immunocompromised and have varicella immunity

47
Q

Shingrix dosing schedule is…

A

2 doses (0, 2-6 months)

Immunosuppressed = 1-2 months after first

48
Q
A

Immunizations (5 decks)

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