Rotavirus, Meningococcal, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Herpes Zoster Flashcards by Mason Truong

Rotavirus is caused by…

Viral infection - many serotypes

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Rotavirus is transmitted via…

Fecal-oral

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Signs + symptoms of rotavirus include…

diarrhea
Fever, vomiting, stomach pain

Is contagious before individual is ill, and for 24 hours after diarrhea

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Rotavirus immunization is a…

Live, attenuated oral vaccine (pentavalent, or monovalent)

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Rotavirus is CI in…

Immunocompromised infants

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Rotavirus immunizations should be given…

Childhood immunization schedule (3 doses)

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Can babies eat with the rotavirus vaccine?

Yes - can breastfeed, eat, and drink any time before + after receiving rotavirus vaccine

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If an infant spits up or regurgitates after rotavirus vaccine, we should…

NOT give a replacement dose

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After rotavirus vaccine, the virus is shed in stool for _____.

Up to 10 days - caution around immunocompromised household members

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Rotavirus vaccination does have unique AE’s such as…

Fever, diarrhea, irritability, loss of appetite
Some may have abdominal pain, dermatitis

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One serious AE from rotavirus vaccination is ____. However…

Bowel obstruction - however, very low absolute risk.

Usually not given if there is history of bowel obstruction

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Meningococcus is caused by…

Bacterial infection - many serotypes

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Meningococcus is transmitted via…

Respiratory droplets
Crowded housing = big risk factor

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Meningococcus causes ____ and ____, which can lead to complications such as…

Meningitis, bacteremia
Can lead to limb amputations, hearing loss, brain damage, seizures, skin scarring…

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The meningococcal vaccine is…

Inactivated - conjugate vaccine
monovalent (Men-C-C) for 1st dose
Quadrivalent (Men-C-ACWY) for booster

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Meningococcal immunization should be given…

With childhood immunization schedule (1 dose before 12 months and 1 at grade 6)
Adult = no routine booster unless increased risk of acquiring meningococcal disease (transplant)

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This type of meningococcus is not routinely vaccinated against, except for…

Serogroup B - only for special populations

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Measles is caused by…

Viral infection

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Measles is transmitted via…

Respiratory droplets; highly infectious

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Signs & symptoms of measles include…

Fever
Sore throat
Cough
Runny nose
Red rash

URTI

Complications of measles include…

AOM, pneumonia
Encephalitis
Seizures, deafness, brain damage
Death

Mumps is caused by…

Viral infection

Mumps is transmitted via…

Respiratory droplets

Signs + symptoms of mumps include…

URTI - fever, respiratory symptoms, parotitis

Complications of mumps may lead to...

Meningitis, encephalitis Swollen testicles/ovaries Congenital malformations or abortions in pregnancy

Rubella is caused by...

Viral infection

Rubella is transmitted via...

Respiratory droplets

Signs + symptoms of rubella can include...

Flu-like symptoms (rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fever)

Complications of rubella include...

Congenital malformations, miscarriage during pregnancy

Varicella is caused by... ## Footnote Varicella = Chicken pox

Viral infection

Varicella is transmitted via...

Respiratory droplets Direct contact with blister fluid Vertical transmission (mom to baby)

Symptoms of varicella include...

High fever, red itchy rash Rash begins as red spots, that become fluid-filled blisters; eventually crust over

Complications of varicella include...

Skin + soft tissue infections Pneumonia Reactivation of virus - herpes zoster/shingles

The MMR/V vaccine is a...

Live, attenuated Therefore CI in pregnancy + immunocompromised patients ## Footnote Varicella is available monovalent by itself as well

MMRV contains trace amounts of ____ and ____, so we need to be cautious...

Neomycin and gentamicin - cautious in those with severe allergies

Efficacy of MMRV vaccine increases with age because...

Maternal antibodies can decrease live vaccine replication + impact efficacy

MMR +/- V immunizations should be given...

Childhood immunization series (2 doses) Not routine for adults unless unvaccinated (would have to give MMR and V separately) ## Footnote Most adults will be vaccinated against varicella

MMR vaccine AE's include...

Typical injection reactions (soreness, redness, swelling at injection site) Mild subclinical injection occuring 1 week after (malaise, fever +/- rash) Possible joint aches from rubella component RARE occurrences of febrile seizure

Varicella vaccine AE's include...

Swelling, redness, low-grade fever Varicella-like rash (blisters) at injection site may develop (less contagious)

Herpes zoster is caused by ____

Viral infection - reactivation of varicella zoster virus | AKA Shingles

HZV occurs most frequently among...

Older adults, immunocompromised patients Periods of stress

Signs + symptoms of HZV include...

Prodromal pain before rash Maculopapular, vesicular rash that is painful and itchy, occurring along 1 or 2 dermatomes that do not cross midline

An important complication of HZV is...

Postherpetic neuralgia

Shingrix vaccine is a...

Adjuvanted, recombinant

If someone has a HZV/shingles episode, we should wait ____ before immunizing with shingrix

Post acute episode (American guidelines) , to 1+ year (NACI)

HZV is normally indicated for adults ____, but it could be given to adults 18+ if...

Adults 50+; may be given to adults 18+ immunocompromised and have varicella immunity

Shingrix dosing schedule is...

2 doses (0, 2-6 months) | Immunosuppressed = 1-2 months after first