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Immunizations > Immunization Background + Principles > Flashcards

Immunization Background + Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Routine vaccinations are recommended for…

A

Everyone - children, adolescents, + adults against vaccine-preventable diseases

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2
Q

Additional vaccines are usually recommended for…

A

Individuals at high-risk

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3
Q

Primary goal of immunization programs is to…

A

Protect individuals + communities from disease
Prevent, control +/- eliminate transmission

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4
Q

Canadian guidelines + recommendations for immunizations are made by…

A

National Advisory Committee on Immunization - NACI

SK - Saskatchewan Immunization Manual (SIM)

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5
Q

Good times to check in with patients regarding immunization is…

A

Annual flu/COVID vaccination
Medication reviews
New diagnosis that requires immunosuppressive therapy
Pregnancy
Dispensing medication for an infection

Also travel

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6
Q

An immunogen/antigen is…

A

The substance that stimulates/triggers an immune response

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7
Q

An immunuoglobulin/antibody is…

A

Protein produced in response to antigens, which protect the body from disease

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8
Q

The definition of a vaccine is…

A

A highly regulated, complex, biological product designed to induce a protective immune response

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9
Q

The adaptive immune system develops…

A

As a result of infection, or following immunization

Immunology memory

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10
Q

The innate immune system…

A

Does not produce immunologic memory - 1st line of defense

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11
Q

Herd immunity is required to…

A

Prevent person-to-person transmission of infectious diseases

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12
Q

Different types of vaccines include…

A

Monovalent - one immunizing antigen
Bivalent, trivalent, quadrivalent - multiple immunizing antigens to cover for multiple serotypes of a disease
Combination of immunizing antigens against 1+ vaccine preventable disease

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13
Q

An attenuated (live) vaccine is defined by…

A

Whole, weakened bacteria/virus that replicates, to induce an immunologic response

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14
Q

Because attenuated vaccines replicate bacteria/virus, there is a small risk of…

A

Infection - contraindicated/cautioned in immunocompromised patients

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15
Q

Inactivated vaccines are defined by…

A

Whole/parts of an inactivated bacteria/virus, or toxoids given to induce immunologic response - NON-replicating

Safe for immunocompromised patients

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16
Q

This type of vaccine requires boosters to maintain adequate titres after the primary series…

A

Inactived vaccines

17
Q

These vaccines are replicating (attenuated):

A

MMRV, rotavirus, typhoid

18
Q

An adjuvant…

A

Increases immunogenicity/antigenicity and prolongs antigen absorption

Does cause patient to feel more ill/sting more

19
Q

Factors that may affect vaccine response include…

A

Viability of antigen, antigen dose
Patient age + immune status
Route + site of administration
Timing
Vaccine storage

20
Q

Vaccine route of administration are given via..;.

A

IM, SC, PO

21
Q

Multiple vaccinations can be given in the same visit. However, live vaccines…

A

Need to be given on the same day, or separated by 4 weeks between live vaccines

22
Q

Regarding vaccine interchangeability, we should ideally…

A

Complete vaccine series with the same product - however most vaccines can be used interchangeably to complete series if vaccine is not available

EXCEPTIONS: Pneumococcal, meningococcal
Consider special populations (pregnancy, dialysis)

23
Q

If a vaccine schedule is interrupted…

A

The series does not need to be restarted, regardless of time between doses

24
Q

Contraindications to receiving immunizations includes…

A

Anaphylaxis to previous vaccine, or to egg
GBS syndrome within 6 weeks of immunization

Live vaccines - pregnancy, immunocompromised

25
Q

If someone is sick, can they receive their immunizations?

A

Okay to give vaccine if mild URTI +/- fever

26
Q

Expected AE’s from immunizations that are local include…

A

Tenderness
Redness
Swelling
Injection site pain

27
Q

Expected AE’s from immunizations that are systemic include…

A

Fever
Irritability/fussiness (children)
Drowsiness, lethargy
Decreased appetite
Syncope

28
Q

Pain management strategies for immunizations may include…

A

Topical anesthetics
Sucrose
Breastfeeding

29
Q

Evidence of analgesics for immunization pain management…

A

No evidence of benefit to reduce pain if taken prior/at injection. Potential concern of reducing immune response; but may give 4 hours post vaccine, for first 1-2 days

30
Q

Inactivated immunizations should be coordinated with immunosuppressants…

A

Try to give 2+ weeks before starting therapy if possible, but safe if given while on therapy

31
Q

Live immunizations should be coordinated with immunosuppressants…

A

Give 4+ weeks before starting therapy, or delay until after treatment is discontinued +/- waiting period

Replicating = infection risk

32
Q

If someone is on antithrombotics and wants an immunization…

A

Caution - bleeding risk

Immunizations (5 decks)

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