Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, HIB Flashcards
Diptheria is caused by…
A bacterial infection - releasing a toxin
Diptheria is transmitted via…
Respiratory droplets
Signs + symptoms of diptheria may include…
URTI - mild fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy
Grayish white membrane appears in throat within 2-3 days
Serious consequence of diptheria includes…
Acute respiratory distress
Systemic complications such as myocarditis
Diptheria immunization is a…
Inactivated toxin - immune system produces antibodies towards toxin
Diptheria is only available as…
Combo vaccine with tetanus
2 formulations of diptheria immunization include…
Pediatric formulation = D
Adolescent/adult formulation = d
Concentration is different
Diptheria antibodies persist at protective concentrations for…
10+ years
Diptheria immunization should be given during these times…
Childhood routine immunizations
Td booster q10 years
In each pregnancy
Tetanus is caused by…
Bacterial infection
Tetanus is transmitted via…
Wound contamination with soil, feces, or dust
Signs + symptoms of tetanus include…
Painful muscle spasms beginning with jaw muscles
Complications of tetanus may lead to…
Convulsions
Respiratory failure
The tetanus immunization is a…
Detoxified tetanus antigen (inactivated)
Tetanus is only available as…
Combo vaccine (always with diptheria)
Tetanus immunizations should be given during these times…
Same as diptheria
Childhood immunization series
Td booster q10 years
In each pregnancy
If someone gets a serious cut/deep wound, they could get a tetanus booster…
If their last tetanus vaccine was more than 5 years ago
Pertussis is caused by…
Bacterial infection
Pertussis is transmitted via…
Respiratory droplets (face-to-face contact)
Pertussis signs and symptoms include…
Catarrhal stage - acute URTI (1-2 weeks)
Paroxysmal stage - whooping cough attacks
Convalescent stage - gradual recovery
Pertussis is contagious during these stages…
Catarrhal stage, and first two weeks after cough onset
CAN contract more than once since immunity wanes over time
Pertussis complications are most often seen in…
Infants
Pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy
Pertussis vaccine is a…
Acellular preparation (inactivated) in a combination vaccine
Two forms of pertussis immunization formulation include…
aP = pediatric formulation (higher concentration)
ap = adolescent/adult formulation (reduced concentration)
“CAPS for kids”
If a patient asks if the pertussis vaccine can lead to seizures…
This is with the old vaccine (whole cell) formulation
Pertussis immunization should be given…
Childhood immunization series
Pertussis needed once in adulthood, but oftentimes Tdap is given q10 years (increased point of care flexibility)
Tdap in pregnancy as well
Polio is caused by…
Viral infection
Polio is transmitted via…
Fecal-oral
Signs and symptoms of polio include…
Majority of cases are asymptomatic
Flu-like symptoms (fever, headache, sore throat, N/V, weakness)
Serious complications of polio include…
Meningitis
Limps
Post-polio syndrome paralysis
Polio immunization is a…
Inactivated poliomyelitis - trivalent
Available with Tdap or by itself
Polio immunization should be given at these times….
Children routine immunizations + age 4-6 booster
NO routine booster for adults, perhaps for those travelling to areas with polio outbreaks
Haemophilus influenzae is…
Why is type B immunized against?
A bacterial infection - 6 serotypes. Hib is most pathogenic and invasive
Invasive = beyond respiratory tract
Hib is transmitted via…
Respiratory droplets
Hib infection can cause…
AOM, meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, epiglottis
Hib vaccination is a…
Inactivated bacteria to make antibodies
Hib can given as…
Combo vaccination with DTapP and IPV, or individually
Hib vaccination should be given at these times…
Child routine series (3 doses + 1 booster)
NO routine booster for adults, unless condition present that increases risk for invasive Hib
