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Immunizations > Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, HIB > Flashcards

Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, HIB Flashcards

1
Q

Diptheria is caused by…

A

A bacterial infection - releasing a toxin

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2
Q

Diptheria is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets

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3
Q

Signs + symptoms of diptheria may include…

A

URTI - mild fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy
Grayish white membrane appears in throat within 2-3 days

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4
Q

Serious consequence of diptheria includes…

A

Acute respiratory distress
Systemic complications such as myocarditis

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5
Q

Diptheria immunization is a…

A

Inactivated toxin - immune system produces antibodies towards toxin

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6
Q

Diptheria is only available as…

A

Combo vaccine with tetanus

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7
Q

2 formulations of diptheria immunization include…

A

Pediatric formulation = D
Adolescent/adult formulation = d

Concentration is different

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8
Q

Diptheria antibodies persist at protective concentrations for…

A

10+ years

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9
Q

Diptheria immunization should be given during these times…

A

Childhood routine immunizations
Td booster q10 years
In each pregnancy

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10
Q

Tetanus is caused by…

A

Bacterial infection

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11
Q

Tetanus is transmitted via…

A

Wound contamination with soil, feces, or dust

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12
Q

Signs + symptoms of tetanus include…

A

Painful muscle spasms beginning with jaw muscles

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13
Q

Complications of tetanus may lead to…

A

Convulsions
Respiratory failure

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14
Q

The tetanus immunization is a…

A

Detoxified tetanus antigen (inactivated)

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15
Q

Tetanus is only available as…

A

Combo vaccine (always with diptheria)

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16
Q

Tetanus immunizations should be given during these times…

Same as diptheria

A

Childhood immunization series
Td booster q10 years
In each pregnancy

17
Q

If someone gets a serious cut/deep wound, they could get a tetanus booster…

A

If their last tetanus vaccine was more than 5 years ago

18
Q

Pertussis is caused by…

A

Bacterial infection

19
Q

Pertussis is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets (face-to-face contact)

20
Q

Pertussis signs and symptoms include…

A

Catarrhal stage - acute URTI (1-2 weeks)
Paroxysmal stage - whooping cough attacks
Convalescent stage - gradual recovery

21
Q

Pertussis is contagious during these stages…

A

Catarrhal stage, and first two weeks after cough onset

CAN contract more than once since immunity wanes over time

22
Q

Pertussis complications are most often seen in…

A

Infants
Pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy

23
Q

Pertussis vaccine is a…

A

Acellular preparation (inactivated) in a combination vaccine

24
Q

Two forms of pertussis immunization formulation include…

A

aP = pediatric formulation (higher concentration)
ap = adolescent/adult formulation (reduced concentration)

“CAPS for kids”

25
Q

If a patient asks if the pertussis vaccine can lead to seizures…

A

This is with the old vaccine (whole cell) formulation

26
Q

Pertussis immunization should be given…

A

Childhood immunization series
Pertussis needed once in adulthood, but oftentimes Tdap is given q10 years (increased point of care flexibility)
Tdap in pregnancy as well

27
Q

Polio is caused by…

A

Viral infection

28
Q

Polio is transmitted via…

A

Fecal-oral

29
Q

Signs and symptoms of polio include…

A

Majority of cases are asymptomatic
Flu-like symptoms (fever, headache, sore throat, N/V, weakness)

30
Q

Serious complications of polio include…

A

Meningitis
Limps
Post-polio syndrome paralysis

31
Q

Polio immunization is a…

A

Inactivated poliomyelitis - trivalent
Available with Tdap or by itself

32
Q

Polio immunization should be given at these times….

A

Children routine immunizations + age 4-6 booster
NO routine booster for adults, perhaps for those travelling to areas with polio outbreaks

33
Q

Haemophilus influenzae is…

Why is type B immunized against?

A

A bacterial infection - 6 serotypes. Hib is most pathogenic and invasive

Invasive = beyond respiratory tract

34
Q

Hib is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets

35
Q

Hib infection can cause…

A

AOM, meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, epiglottis

36
Q

Hib vaccination is a…

A

Inactivated bacteria to make antibodies

37
Q

Hib can given as…

A

Combo vaccination with DTapP and IPV, or individually

38
Q

Hib vaccination should be given at these times…

A

Child routine series (3 doses + 1 booster)
NO routine booster for adults, unless condition present that increases risk for invasive Hib

Immunizations (5 decks)

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