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Immunizations > Hep A+B, HPV, Mpox, Pneumococcal, RSV > Flashcards

Hep A+B, HPV, Mpox, Pneumococcal, RSV Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatitis B is caused by…

A

Viral infection (HBV)

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2
Q

Duration of hepatitis B is usually…

A

Short-term; most clear infection after 4-8 weeks

Some people are chronic HB carriers

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3
Q

HBV is transmitted via…

A

Blood or bodily fluids containing HB virus
(sharing injection equipment, sexual contact, vertical transmission)

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4
Q

Signs + symptoms of hepatitis B may include…

A

Fatigue, fever, N/V, decreased appetite
Jaundice

Asymptomatic in 50% of adult cases and majority of children cases

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5
Q

Hep B vaccination is given…

A

Part of primary series (2 doses, grade 6)

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6
Q

Is a booster required for HBV?

A

Not for healthy population - potentially for some special populations based on serology

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7
Q

HBV serology presents as:
HBsAg: Negative
Anti-HBc: Negative
Anti-HBs: Negative
This patent would be considered ____ to HBV.

A

Susceptible

HBsAg = surface antigen
Anti-HBs = surfac antibody
Anti-HBc = virus core

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8
Q

HBV serology presents as:
HBsAg: Negative
Anti-HBc: Negative
Anti-HBs: Positive with >10 IU/L
This patent would be considered ____ to HBV.

A

Immune, from vaccination

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9
Q

HBV serology presents as:
HBsAg: Negative
Anti-HBc: Positive
Anti-HBs: Positive
This patent would be considered ____ to HBV.

A

Immune, from infection

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10
Q

If healthy patients have received appropriate immunization series for HBV, they are considered immune/protected for life even if anti-HBs drops below ____, because…

A

<10: immune memory to HB persists. Therefore another HB vaccine dose NOT required.

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11
Q

Another dose may be given if anti-HBs is below 10 for…

A

Some special populations (immunocompromised, CKD)

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12
Q

Hepatitis A is caused by…

A

Viral infection (HAV)

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13
Q

Hepatitis A is transmitted via…

A

Fecal-oral

Contaminated food, water, drinks

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14
Q

Signs + symptoms of hepatitis A include…

A

Adolescent/adults - anorexia, nausea, fatigue, fever, jaundice

Younger patients are usually asymptomatic

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15
Q

Hepatitis A schedule is different from hepatitis B, in that…

A

It is not routinely given in childhood vaccinations - only recommended for people at increased risk of infection

Ex: Travel, certain living conditions, liver disease, unsafe injection equipment

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16
Q

Twinrix contains ____ and is primarily used in SK today for…

A

Both HA and HB immunization - convenience for travel (someone requires HA for travel and unsure/no documentation for HB series)

If someone does have HB series done, then HA only (cheaper)

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17
Q

HPV is caused by…

A

Viral infection

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18
Q

HPV is transmitted…

A

Sexually - skin-skin contact
Vertically

Most common STI

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19
Q

Signs + symptoms of HPV infection may include…

A

Mostly asymptomatic

Some develop genital warts
Some develop cancer

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20
Q

HPV vaccine is available as…

A

HPV-9 (Gardasil)
HPV-2 (Cervarix) - this one is not commonly used

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21
Q

NACI’s new recommendations regarding the HPV vaccine include…

Number of doses? Which vaccine to use?

A

HPV-9 preferred over HPV-2
9-20: 1 dose
21-26: 2 doses
27+: 2 doses
Immunocompromised: 3 doses

May be offered in pregnancy

As of 2024, SK follows old schedule with 2/3 doses

22
Q

HPV vaccine is approved for women up to age…

A

45 - consider discussing with unvaccinated adults with new sexual partners

23
Q

The HPV vaccine is ____, so it should be administered….

A

Adjuvanted - administered last (more painful)

24
Q

The HPV vaccine does not protect against…

A

Other STI’s

25
Q

HPV vaccine is most effective…

A

When given at a younger age, before exposure to HPV

Vaccine after onset of sexual activity is still recommended - unlikely that vaccine recipient has been infected with all HPV types in vaccine

Still indicated with in women with abnormal pap test, cervical cancer, genital warts

26
Q

Mpox is caused by…

A

Viral infection

27
Q

Mpox is transmitted by…

A

Skin-skin contact
Respiratory droplets
Animal to human

28
Q

Most cases of mpox have been diagnosed in…

A

Men who have sex with men

29
Q

Signs + symptoms of Mpox include…

A

Systemic illness - fever, chills, headache, myalgias, rash (similar to shingles)

Atypical = lesions without systemic illness

Cases of mortality in immunocompromised, or those who developed encephalitis

30
Q

Mpox is contagious until…

A

All lesion scabs have fallen off

31
Q

____ vaccine protects against Mpox.

A

Smallpox

32
Q

The smallpox vaccine is…

Type?

A

Live-attenuated, but non-replicating

Safe in immunocompromised

33
Q

Smallpox/Mpox immunization scheduling is…

A

Not routine - based on risk factors (multiple sexual partners, environment)

Prophylaxis: 2 doses given 1 month apart
Post-exposure - 1 dose, up to 14 days since last exposure

34
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine is related to…

A

Bacterial infection due to streptococcus pneumonia

Many serotypes

35
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia is transmitted via…

A

Respiratory droplets; direct/indirect contact with oral secretions

36
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia can cause…

A

Sinusitis, AOM, pneumonia

Bacteremia, meningitis

37
Q

Interchangability of pneumococcal vaccines…

A

Is important to consider - most are not interchangeable due to conjugate and polysaccharide

38
Q

There are many types of pneumococcal vaccines because…

A

The most common serotypes that cause disease vary across different populations, and tend to change over time

39
Q

Compared to the polysaccharide vaccine, the conjugate vaccine…

A

Produces longer lasting immunity and has a more robust immune response that involves both B + T cells

Polysaccharide is T-cell independent

40
Q

NACI recommends this for pneumococcal routine childhood scheduling…

A

PCV15 or PCV20

SK = PCV15 x 3 doses

41
Q

NACI recommends this for pneumococcal routine adult scheduling…

NO IPD risk factors

A

65+ regardless of pneumococcal vaccination history with PCV13, 15 or 23: Give 1 dose of PCV 20 or 21.

SK = only public funding if patient has not received ANY prior pneumococcal vaccines

Wait 1 year from last pneumococcal dose

42
Q

If someone is at increased risk of IPD, NACI recommends this for pneumococcal vaccine scheduling…

A

18+ with medical/environmental IPD risk factors, regardless of previous vaccination with PCV 13, 15, or 23: 1 dose of PCV 20 or 21.

SK - if IPD risk factors present, potentially eligible for public funding

43
Q

RSV is caused by…

A

Viral infection

44
Q

RSV is transmitted by…

A

Respiratory droplets - annual outbreaks + reinfection is common

45
Q

Individuals at high risk of severe RSV include…

A

Chronic respiratory, cardiac, renal conditions
Diabetes
Immunosuppressed

46
Q

Signs + symptoms of RSV include…

A

URTI - mild, cold-like symptoms
Lower lung infections

Severe cases = oxygen + hospitalization required

47
Q

The three approved RSV vaccines in Canada include…

A

Arexvy - monovalent, adjuvanted
Abrysvo - bivalent
Mresvia - monovalent

48
Q

RSV vaccination is recommened for the following individuals who are RSV-vaccine naive (NACI)

A

Everyone 75+
60-74 LTC residents, or are at increased risk of severe RSV (chronic diseases)

However, NOT publicly funded in SK yet

49
Q

NACI recommends this dosing schedule for RSV…

A

Abrexvy or Abrysvo x 1 single dose

50
Q

RSV efficacy studies showed…

A

A decrease in RSV-lower respiratory tract disease compared to placebo. Better results in those with higher risk factors

51
Q

RSV vaccine AE’s include…

A

Arexvy contains an adjuvant, Abrysvo does not.
Injection site rxns - pain, redness, swelling
Systemic rxns - fatigue, myalgia, headache

Serious AE’s relatively similar to placebo; possibility for GBS, AFib

Immunizations (5 decks)

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