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GI > Rotavirus, Coxsackie, Norovirus > Flashcards

Rotavirus, Coxsackie, Norovirus Flashcards

1
Q

RNA viruses:

A

Rotavirus, norovirus, enteroviruses

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2
Q

Antigenic drift and shift

A

Rotavirus (segmented RNA genome)

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3
Q

Predominately a subclinical infection

A

Enteroviruses

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4
Q

First step in management of rotovirus or norovirus infection

A

Fluid replacement

(They cause severe dehydration)

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5
Q

What allowed for the development of a rotavirus vaccine?

A

Only four G-P capsid protein combinations cause ~90% of human disease

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6
Q

Rotavirus is a major cause of ___, while norovirus is a major cause of ___

A

Diarrheal illness in infants and young children

Food-borne diarrhea in older children and adults

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7
Q

Describe the replication of rotavirus

A
  1. Processing (proteolysis) of capsid as it travels through the gut or once its inside enterocyte late endosome or lysosome 2. Synthesis of (+) strand mRNAs 3. Use of capped (+) strand mRNAs as templates for complementary (-) strand mRNAs 4. Assembly in cytoplasm 5. Release/cell lysis
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8
Q

What makes rotavirus so stable?

A

1-2 outer shells + inner RNA core

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9
Q

Which viruses cause dysentery?

A

None, dumbass!

(Viruses wouldn’t cause pus in feces…)

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10
Q

How are both rotavirus and norovirus transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route

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11
Q

Asymmetric replication

A

Rotavirus (+ strand first that serves as template for - strand)

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12
Q

Incubation period for enterovirus

A

7-14 days

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13
Q

“Winter vomiting disease”

A

Norovirus

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14
Q

What causes hand, foot, mouth disease? How does it present?

A

Coxsackie A

Initially enenthema (oral mucosal vesicles) then exanthema (hand and foot vesicles)

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15
Q

Enteroviruses causing meningitis

A

Polio

Coxsackie (all)

Echovirus

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16
Q

Never enters nucleus

A

Rotavirus

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17
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of watery diarrhea caused by rotovirus and norovirus

A

Both initially infect villous epithelial cells of intestine –> cell lysis of small intestine and colonic cells –> functional alterations in small intestinal epithelial cells due to impaired glucose-sodium transport = less water absorption and loss of electrolytes

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18
Q

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

A

Rotavirus

(Called viroplasms; where assembly occurs)

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19
Q

List the picorna viruses relevant to GI/liver pathology

A

Hep A

Echovirus

Coxsackie

Enterovirus

20
Q

Both rhinovirus and enteroviruses are picorna viruses (small, + ssRNA viruses) that initially replicate in the upper GI tract. How can they be differentiated?

A

Enteroviruses are acid stable and can replicate at 37 degrees

21
Q

Which serotypes are covered by RotaTeq?

A

G1-G4 and P8

22
Q

List some sources of norovirus

A

Raw seafood, cake frosting, salads

Water = Cruise-ship outbreaks

23
Q

Reservoir of enteroviruses? Transmission?

A

Humans

Fecal-oral

24
Q

Which microbe’s pathogenesis is similar to Vibrio cholera?

A

ETEC

(Norovirus and rotovirus are NOT because they do NOT stimulate cAMP/AC)

25
Q

Viroplasms

A

Rotavirus

(Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies where assembly occurs)

26
Q

RotaTeq vs. rotarix

A

RotaTeq is pentavalent; given in 3 doses

Rotarix is monovalent; given in two doses

27
Q

Where do enteroviruses replicate? Rotavirus and norovirus?

A

Enteroviruses - lymphoid tissue of gut and URT

Rotavirus/norovirus - villous epithelial cells on small intestine

28
Q

Norovirus:

Enveloped, non-enveloped

Segmented, non-segmented

RNA, DNA

A

Non-enveloped

Non-segmented

RNA (+ strand)

29
Q

What is pleurodynia? What is the causative agent?

A

Epidemic myalgia = sudden onset of fever and spasmodic chest pain or abdominal pain lasting 2 days-2 weeks then self-resolving

Coxsackie B virus

30
Q

+ ssRNA viruses

A

Norovirus

Enteroviruses (polio, coxsackie, echovirus, enterovirus)

31
Q

Segmented genome

A

Rotavirus

(Allows antigenic shift and drift)

32
Q

Only enterovirus with a vaccine? Why?

A

Polio

Mant different serotypes and frequent subclinical infections of the other enteroviruses

33
Q

Rotavirus or norovirus:

Gradual development of antibodies

A

Norovirus

34
Q

Rotavirus or norovirus:

High antibody titer in young children

A

Rotavirus

35
Q

Rotavirus or norovirus:

dsRNA

A

Rotavirus

(Norovirus is + stand RNA)

36
Q

Rotavirus or norovirus:

Antigenic drift

A

Both

37
Q

Rotavirus or norovirus:

Antigenic shift

A

Rotavirus

(It’s segmented while norovirus is not)

38
Q

Rotavirus or norovirus:

N/V, watery diarrhea, fever, dehydration

A

Both

39
Q

Humans are the only reservoir

A

Norovirus, EIEC, Shigella

40
Q

Major cause of death due to rotavirus or norovirus infection

A

Dehydration

41
Q

Cruise ship outbreaks

A

Norovirus

(Contaminated water)

42
Q

List some illnesses caused by coxsackie

A

Diarrhea

Meningoencephalitis

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

Muscle pain

43
Q

When do antibodies to enterovirus develop? Disappear?

A

After 2 weeks

Can last many years

44
Q

Serum culture of a patient with enterovirus infection on day 9 would reveal:

A

No virus

(Disappears from blood after 8 days)

45
Q

For how long can enterovirus be isolated from stool?

A

Up to 2 months

46
Q

Describe the development of symptoms of enterovirus meningitis

A

Fever, malaise, headache, nausea, abdominal pain

Followed 1-2 days later by meningeal irritation and vomiting

47
Q

Myocarditis and pericarditis

A

Coxsackie B

GI (10 decks)

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