Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Helicobacter, etc > Flashcards

Helicobacter, etc Flashcards

1
Q

Gram -

A

H. pylori

C. jejuni

Bacteroidea fragilis

Prevotella melaninogencia

Vibrio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gram +

A

Clostridium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Route of transmission:

H. pylori

C. jejuni

Vibrio

Bacteroides

Prevotella

A

H. pylori - fecal-oral; gastric secretions

C. jejuni - undercooked poultry; unpasteurized milk; contaminated water

Vibrio - seafood

Bacteroides - overgrowth

Prevotella - overgrowth

Clostridium - spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which enteric bacteria infects nearly 100% of patients in developing countries? How many patients in developed countries are infected with this organism?

A

H. pylori

10-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the three enteropathic Vibrio species.

A

V. cholera

V. parahemolyticus

V. vulnificus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is C. jejuni diagnosed? Treated?

A

Culture with media containing Abx to kill off enteric bacteria

Usually self-limiting; give erythromycin if prolonged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which two organisms are microareophilic? What the crap does that mean?

A

H. pylori, C. jejuni

Must be grown under low O2 tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A patient presents to your clinic in southern Louisiana. She has a one day history of mild watery diarrhea and recalls eating oysters at a party two days ago. How do you treat?

A

Don’t - self-limited

(Seafood-associated watery diarrhea that isn’t extreme in quantity with onset 24 hours after exposure = think V. parahaemolyticus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A patient presents with 3 day history of watery diarrhea that now is bloody. She recalls eating chicken, pasta salad, and oysters at a picnic about 10 days ago. She complains of abdominal pain and back pain. Vitals are 38C, 102/80, 90, 18. Dx?

A

C. jejuni infection

(Incubation time of 1 week; watery diarrhea that becomes dysentery; appendicitis-like pain; fever; undercooked poultry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two serogroups of V. cholera?

A

O1

O138

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two virulence factors of clostridium

A

Exotoxins

Secreted hydrolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two organisms causing enteropathic infections are gram - coccobacilli?

A

Bacteroides fragilis

Prevotella melaninogencia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 3 steps in management of C. diff

A
  1. D/C antibiotics
  2. Metronidazole if acute
  3. Enema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 4 diseases caused by H. pylori

A
  1. Duodenal ulcers (95% of these)
  2. Gastric ulcers (70% of these)
  3. Gastric adenocarcinoma
  4. Gastric lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List 3 infections caused by C. perfringens

A
  1. Gas gangrene
  2. Food poisoning
  3. Cellulitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mechanism of C. botulinum

A

AB toxin cleaves V &/or T-snares preventing release of ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which organism is present in the environment as spores?

A

Clostridium (difficile, botulinum, perfringens, tetani)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AB neurotoxin

A

C. tetani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Capsule

A

Bacteroides fragilis

Prevotella melaninogencia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What organism is usually found in seawater in warm months?

A

Vibrio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the toxins of C. diff

A

Toxin A - enterotoxin - diarrhea

Toxin B - cytotoxic - inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A patient presents with fever, a watery diarrhea, and elevated white count with 90% polys. What is the most likely organism?

A

C. jejuni

(This is the most common GI infection caused by bacteria, indicated by the high polys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What two ways can V. vulnificus be transmitted?

A

Seafood

Wound contamination (cellulitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List the 4 virulence factors of H. pylori and the function of each

A
  1. VacA - creates holes (ulcers) in organs
  2. CagA - rearranges cytoskeleton of cells
  3. PAI-assc. Type III secretion system - allows injection of virulence factors
  4. Urease - cleave urea into ammonia which neutralizes enviornment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dented cans

A

Botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What causes the “gas” in gas gangrene?

A

Carb fermentation by C. perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name 4 bacteria with AB toxins.

A

Diphtheria

V. cholera

C. tetani

C. botulinum

(Note: C. difficle has an A and a B toxin but not an AB toxin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How would you treat an infection with this organism?

A

Omeprazole + metronidazole + clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rice water stools

A

V. cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the most common anaerobic infection?

A

Bacteroides fragilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Most toxic bacterial exotoxin

A

C. botulinum AB toxin

(! gram could kill 1 million people)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Vibrio is (G+, G-) ____-shaped (cocci, rod)

A

G-

Curve

Rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Risus sardonicus

A

C. tetani

34
Q

A college student presents to the ER with breathing difficulty, diarrhea, dry mouth and reports his arms feel “really tired”. Upon questioning, you elicit that he frequently buys discounted food items to save money. Treatment?

A

Botulinum anti-toxin

Mechanical ventilation

(Botulism = descending paralysis, diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, respiratory failure)

35
Q

Describe the appearance of C. jejuni.

A

G- spiral-shaped rods that pair up end-to-end

“Gull wing appearance”

36
Q

HTIG

A

Treatment of C. tetani

(Human tetanus immunoglobulin)

37
Q

Watery diarrhea that can become bloody

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Clostridium difficle

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

38
Q

Which enteric organism is resistance to beta lactams?

A

C. jejuni

39
Q

Oxidase +

A

Vibrio

40
Q

Describe the appearance of H. pylori. Which other organism does it resemble?

A

Curved, G- rod

Campylobacter jejuni

41
Q

Most common nosocomial infection?

A

C. diff

42
Q

Boxcar appearance

A

C. perfringens

43
Q

PAI-encoded pilus

A

V. cholera

(TCP)

44
Q

List 3 diseases caused by bacteroides fragilis

A
  1. Abscesses (think intraabdominal)
  2. PID
  3. Pulmonary infections (think alcoholic aspirating)
45
Q

20% fatality rate

A

V. vulnificus in immunocompromised/chronic liver disease patients

46
Q

A patient presents to your clinic with dysuria and frequency. You prescribe amoxicillin for a presumed UTI. Two days later she comes back complaining of abdominal pain and diarrhea. T 38.2, BP 120/70, P 88, RR 18. How can you definitively diagnose her condition?

A

RADT of toxin A and/or B in stool

Endoscopy for pseudomembranes

Detection of toxin B activity on tissue cells (should kill the cells)

(C. diff)

47
Q

What organism are associated with worse infection in immunocompromised patients and patients with chronic liver disease? What are these complications?

A

V. vulnificus

Septicemia, bullae

48
Q

Why do anaerobic infections stink?

A

They ferment carbs and breakdown amino acids, the products of which stink

49
Q

Tdap vs. Dtap

A

Dtap for < 7 yo

Tdap for 10-64 yo

50
Q

List two infections caused by prevotella melaninogencia

A

Periodontal abscess

Pulmonary abscess

51
Q

You saw a patient in clinic 10 days ago with watery diarrhea that had become bloody, prompting him to seek medical attention. You reassured the patient that his likely condition is self-limiting. Now he presents with ascending paralysis. How would you definitively diagnose his condition?

A

Culture on media containing Abx to kill off enteric flora

(Likely C. jejuni; watery diarrhea followed by dysentery then Guillian-Barre = C. jejuni)

52
Q

Descending paralysis?

Ascending paralysis?

A

Botulism

GBS (Campylobacter)

53
Q

How is gas gangrene acquired?

A

C. perfringens spore contamination of wound

54
Q

20 liters of watery diarrhea per day

A

V. cholera

55
Q

List the two virulence factors of vibrio.

A

AB toxin

TCP pilus

56
Q

Which two classes of drugs shouldn’t be used to treat a bacteroides overgrowth? Why not?

A

Penicillin - developed resistance

Aminoglycosides - don’t work in anaerobic conditions

57
Q

3 ways in which to get C. botulinum infection

A

Contaminated food

Wound contamination

Inhalation of spores (infants)

58
Q

Tx of tetanus

A

HTIG = soaks up toxin (tetanospasmin)

59
Q

Is C. diff part of most people’s GI flora?

A

No; only ~5% of population

60
Q

Why are anaerobic infections generally not cultured from stool/sputum?

A

They’re always present in GI tract, so wouldn’t be useful

61
Q

A 3 month old’s limbs and head go limp when his mother lifts him from his crib. Sherushes him to the ER where she recalls to the physician that the baby had not been eating well that day and had not had a soiled diaper. Diagnosis?

A

Botulism

(Floppy baby syndrome; infants inhale/ingest spores from carpets; constipation, poor muscle tone, poor feeding)

62
Q

Only endospore-forming anaerobe

A

Clostridium

63
Q

Two ways to diagnose V. cholera

A

TCBS agar

MacConkey agar

64
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

C. diff

(Ulcerative lesions in colon)

65
Q

3rd most common food-borne illness in US

A

C. perfringens

66
Q

List 2 ways in which to diagnose H. pylori infection. How could you monitor recurrence?

A
  1. Urea breath test
  2. Endoscopy

Serology (only tells you if you’ve ever had H. pylori so not good diagnostically, only for recurrence)

67
Q

A patient presents to your clinic during a DWB trip to Ghana. He reports a 5 day history of severe watery diarrhea and dehydration. He has also been vomiting. When did he contract the causative organism?

A

7-8 days ago

(V. cholera symptoms [profuse watery diarrhea with vomiting] begins 2-3 days after exposure)

68
Q

Appendicitis-like pain

A

C. jejuni

69
Q

What is the function of V. cholera’s A toxin?

A

ADP ribosylates GTP-binding protein –> activates adenylate cyclase –> causes efflux of Na+, Cl-, and H2O into small intestine lumen

70
Q

First sign of tetanus

A

Trismus (lockjaw)

71
Q

What are the two subgroups of V. Cholera O1?

A

El tor and classical

72
Q

A patient presents to your urgent care facility with a few hours diarrhea and abdominal pain. She doesn’t have a fever and denies vomiting. She reports eating meatloaf the night before. Dx? Tx?

A

C. perfringens food poisoning

Nothing - resolves within 24 hours

(Onset 8-24 hours after exposure; no fever or vomiting!)

73
Q

Associated with poor sanitation

A

V. cholera

74
Q

Bullae

A

V. vulnificus in patient with immunocompromise &/or chronic liver disease

75
Q

Why does V. cholera require a high infectious dose?

A

It is transmitted mainly through contaminated water and food, so most of it it killed by acidic stomach environment

76
Q

Honey

A

Botulism in infants

77
Q

Tx of V. vulnificus? V. parahaemolyticus? V. cholera?

A

V. vulnificus - doxy

V. parahaemolyticus - self-resolving

V. cholera - ORT (Na+, glucose, water)

78
Q

What is TCBS agar? When is it used?

A

Thiosulfate, citrate, bile salts, sucrose

Diagnose V. cholera

79
Q

List 3 factors influenced by our gut microbiome.

A

Weight, CV health, tendency to develop TIIDM

80
Q

Periodontal abscess

A

Prevotella melaninogencia

81
Q

Anaerobes lacks ____ and ____

A

SOD

Catalase

82
Q

Mechanism of C. tetani

A

Tetanospasmin, an AB neurotoxin, cleaves V-snare, preventing release of GABA and glycine = prevents postsynaptic inhibition of spinal motor reflexes

GI (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions