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GI 3 > Rotavirus and Hepatitis Viruses > Flashcards

Rotavirus and Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

nucleic acid of rotavirus

A

dsRNA, encapsulated

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2
Q

nucleic acid of norovirus

A

naked, positive sense ssRNA

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3
Q

nucleic acid of adenovirus

A

naked, DNA

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4
Q

VP1 protein, rotavirus

A
  • transcriptase
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5
Q

VP3, rotavirus

A
  • mRNA capping
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6
Q

VP4, rotavirus

A
  • hemagglutinin, involved in attachment
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7
Q

VP7, rotavirus

A
  • induces formation of neutralizing antibodies, leads to immunity
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8
Q

rotavirus capsid

A
  • protects virus from stomach acid
  • partial acid digestion cleaves VP4
  • produces infectious sub-viral particle (ISVP)
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9
Q

ISVP, rotavirus

A
  • penetrates cell
  • dsRNA replicated
  • VPs made
  • lyse cell
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10
Q

NSP4, rotavirus

A
  • promotes Ca influx into enterocytes

- secretion of water and loss of ions leads to watery diarrhea

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11
Q

transmission of rotavirus

A
  • fecal oral

- survives well on fomites and hands

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12
Q

clinical disease of rotavirus

A
  • major cause of gastroenteritis in infants
  • vomiting, diarrhea, fever, dehydration
  • no RBCs or WBCs
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13
Q

transmission of norovirus

A
  • fecal oral

- cruise ships and infected food handlers

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14
Q

clinical disease of norovirus

A
  • 24-48 hour incubation
  • acute onset of diarrhea and N/V
  • virus compromises intestinal brush border function and prevents absorption of water and nutrients
  • NO blood
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15
Q

nucleic acid of YF

A
  • positive sense, ssRNA, enveloped
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16
Q

vector for YF

A
  • Aedes aegypti mosquito
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17
Q

pathogenesis of YF

A
  • kupffer cells infected in 24 hours
  • viremic phase: malaise, fever, chills, headache
  • conjunctival infection and facial flushing
  • jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, generalized itching
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18
Q

black vomiting with jaundince

A

YF

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19
Q

YF vaccine

A
  • live attenuated
  • safe and effective in HIV patients with CD4 cells > 200/ ul
  • DO NOT give to pregnant women
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20
Q

nucleic acid of hep A

A
  • heparna virus (hep A RNA)

- picronavirus- RNA, naked

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21
Q

NA of hep B

A
  • hepadna virus (hepa DNA)

- DNA, enveloped

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22
Q

NA of hep C

A
  • flavivirus

- RNA, enveloped

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23
Q

NA of hep D

A
  • delta virus

- circular RNA, enveloped

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24
Q

NA of hep E

A
  • hepevirus (hep E virus)

- RNA, naked

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25
Q

transmission of hep A and E

A
  • fecal oral

- vowels in the bowels

26
Q

transmission of hep B,C, and D

A
  • contaminated blood
27
Q

characteristics of hep A

A
  • naked, icosahedral capsid
  • positive sense, ssRNA
  • transmitted via fecal oral
28
Q

pathogenesis of hep A

A
  • virus ingested, enters bloodstream via GI tract
  • replicates in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells
  • released into bile and then stool
  • shed about 10 days before symptoms
29
Q

symptoms of hep A

A
  • prodrome: fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, ab pain

- icteric phase: jaundice, dark urine appears first then pale stool, ab pain, pruritus, arthralgias, skin rash

30
Q

hep A prevention

A
  • avoid uncooked shellfish

- vaccine: killed vaccine for infants at 2 and adults along with the HBV vaccine

31
Q

hep B characteristics

A
  • small, enveloped DNA virus

- encodes a reverse transcriptase and replicates through an RNA intermediate

32
Q

immunopathogenesis of acute HBV infection

A
  • T cell response causes:
  • degeneration of liver parenchyma
  • cellular swelling and necrosis
  • inflammatory cell infiltrate
  • jaundice
33
Q

immunopathogeneis of chronic HBV infection

A
  • insufficient T-cell response causes mild symptoms

- HBV DNA integrates into hepatocyte DNA

34
Q

neutralizing antibody (nAb)

A
  • can block virus binding and infection
  • made against HBsAg (vaccination)
  • immune complexes can form between HBsAg and nAb leading to type III hypersensitivity reactions and vasculitis, arthralgia, rash, glomerulonephritis
35
Q

transmission of HBV

A
  • contaminated blood
  • sexual contact
  • birth
  • needlestick injuries
36
Q

symptoms of acute HBV infection

A
  • preicteric: fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, ab discomfort, chills
  • icteric: liver damage (jaundice, dark urine, pale stools), fulminant hepatitis
37
Q

symptoms of chronic HBV infection

A
  • scarring, cirrhosis, liver failure or PHC
38
Q

HBsAg

A
  • indicates infection
  • if present, actively replicating virus
  • if present for more than 6 months, then chronic infection
39
Q

HBsAb

A
  • confers immunity

- if present, indicates resolution or immunization

40
Q

HBeAg

A
  • correlates with active viral replication
  • present during acute disease and active chronic disease
  • indicates extremely infective
41
Q

HBeAb

A
  • present in chronic disease

- indicator of actively making virus

42
Q

HBcAb

A
  • first Ab to appear
  • presence indicates recent infection
  • both IgM and IgG Ab present
43
Q

treatment of hep B

A
  • hep B immune globulin for recent exposure (within 1 week of exposure)
  • HIV RT inhibitors or nucleoside analogs for 1 year
44
Q

HBV vaccine

A
  • contains HBsAg S gene

- series of 3 injections

45
Q

characteristics of hep C

A
  • positive sense, RNA, enveloped
  • chronic, cirrhosis, cancer
  • flaviviridae family
46
Q

transmission of hep C

A
  • blood and body secretions

- IV drug abusers prominent

47
Q

replication of hep C

A
  • coats itself with LDL or VLDL and uses these for uptake into hepatocytes
  • virion buds into and remains in ER
48
Q

HCV pathogenesis

A
  • HCV proteins inhibit apoptosis and INF-a by binding to TNF-R and protein kinase R
  • CMI responsible for producing tissue damage
49
Q

HCV symptoms

A
  • 3 types of disease: acute, severe rapid progression and chronic persistent infection
50
Q

diagnosis of HCV

A
  • ELISA for anti-HCV antibody
51
Q

treatment for HCV

A
  • recombinant INF-a +- ribavarin
52
Q

characteristics of hep D

A
  • HBsAg is essential for packaging the virus
  • coinfection occurs with hep B
  • superinfection can occur
  • very small, ssRNA
53
Q

coinfection

A
  • Hep B and D transmitted together

- takes 2-3 months to make surface antigen

54
Q

superinfection

A
  • have hep B and then get hep D

- acute liver failure in days to weeks

55
Q

replication of hep D

A
  • HBsAg binds to hepatocytes and the virus enters
  • original genome forms a ribozyme
  • promotes association of genome with HBsAg to form virion
56
Q

symptoms of hep D

A
  • fulminant hepatitis common: severe, alters brain function, extensive jaundice, massive hepatic necrosis
57
Q

prevention of hep D

A
  • immunization with HBV vaccine protects against HDV
58
Q

characteristics of hep E

A
  • norovirus
  • fecal oral transmission
  • mostly in developing countries
  • serious in pregnant women - 20% mortality
59
Q

major glycoprotein component of HBV virion

60
Q

essential glycoprotein component of HBV virion assembly

61
Q

replication of hep B

A
  • HBV attaches to hepatocytes mediated by HBsAg
  • DNA genome delivered to nucleus
  • copies genome in the cytoplasm

GI 3 (12 decks)

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