Antiprotozoans Flashcards
indications of metronidazole
- trichomoniasis
- amebiasis
- giardiasis
AE of metronidazole
- disulfiram-like reactions, nausea, peripheral neuropathy
CI of metronidazole
- pregnancy
indications of tinidazole
- trichomoniasis
- amebiasis
- giardiasis
AE of tinidazole
- bitter taste
- acute hypersensitivity reaction (severe), erythema multiforme, SJ syndrome
indications of nitazoxanide
- diarrhea treatment of crypto in immune competent patients
- diarrhea due to giardia
indications of atovaquone
- pneuomocystic jiroveci in patients who are intolerant to TMP-SMX
- primary prophylaxis for PCP in HIV pt at high risk of toxo encephalitis
indications of pentamidine
- treatment and prevention of pneumonia caused by pneumocystic jiroveci
AE of pentamidine
- cardiac arrythmias
- permanent insulin requiring DM
- pneumonia may still occur despite treatment
indications of pyrimethamine
- prophylaxis of malaria
- synergistic combo with sulfonamide in treatment of toxo
AE of pyrimethamine
- must monitor CBC and platelet counts
- discontinue at first sign of rash, report bleeding or bruising
- take with food to minimize vomiting
indications of sulfadiazine
- toxo
AE of sulfadiazine
- SJ syndrome, photosensitivity
- supplemental folic acid must be given to avoid folic acid deficiency
DOC for trichomonas vaginalis
- metronidazole and tinidazole
DOC for giardia
- metronidazole and tinidazole
DOC for entamoeba histolytica
- asymptomatic- paraomomycin
- symptomatic - metronidazole or tinidazole immediately followed by paramomycin
DOC for babesiosis
- clindamycin with quinine OR
- atovaquone with azithromycin
DOC for chagas
- nifurtimox
DOC for trypanosoma brucei
- hemolymphatic state of TB. gambiense (west africa) -pentamidine isethionate
- hemolymphatic state of Tb. rhodesiense (east africa) - sumarin
- late disease with CNS involvement- melarsoprol
DOC for cryptosporidiosis
- nitazoxanide for immunoCOMPETENT pts.
- HIV pts use HAART
DOC for cyclosporiasis
- TMP-SMX
DOC for microsporidiosis
- albendazole
DOC for pneumocystis jiroveci
- TMP-SMX
DOC for toxoplasmosis
- pyrimethamine with sulfadiazine OR
- pyrimethamine with clindamycin
DOC for uncomplicated P. falciparum or species not identified
- chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine
DOC for chloroquine resistant malaria or unknown restistance
- quinine + (doxy, tetracycline, OR clindamycin) OR
- atovaquone-progunail
OR - mefloquine
DOC for P. vivax or P ovale
- chloroquine with primaquine
OR - mefloquine with primaquine
DOC for severe malaria in all regions
- quinidine with doxy, tetracycline, or clindamycin
