Antihelminths Flashcards
1
Q
overall MOA of benzimidazoles
A
- bind to free beta-tubulin and inhibiting the polymerization of tubulin and microtubule-dependent glucose uptake
2
Q
indications of albendazole
A
- neurocysticercosis caused by T. solium
- hydatid disease
3
Q
AE of albendazole
A
- dizziness
- vertigo
- increased ICP
- meningeal signs, seizures
4
Q
CI of albendazole
A
- pregnancy
5
Q
indications of mebendazole
A
- enterobius vermicularis
- trichuris trichiura
- ascaris lumbricoides
- hook worms
6
Q
AE of mebendazole
A
- angioedema, SJ syndrome when combined with metronidazole
7
Q
CI of mebendazole
A
- pregnancy: embyrotoxic and teratogenic
8
Q
indications of thiabendazole
A
- cutaneous larva migrans
- visceral larva migrans (toxocara canis)
- trichinosis
- drinking fruit juice aids in expulsion of worms
9
Q
AE of thiabendazole
A
- hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity
- angioedema
- pruritus
- rash
- SJ syndrome
10
Q
MOA of ivermectin
A
- binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels in the nerve and muscle cell
- does not cross the BBB
11
Q
indications of ivermectin
A
- onchocerca volvulus
- strongyloidiasis
- onchocerciasis (river blindness)
12
Q
AE of ivermectin
A
- dizziness, encephalopathy, headache, hyperthermia, insomnia, seizure, somnolence, vertigo
- ALT/AST increased, bilirubin increased
- Mazzotti reaction - arthralgia, pruritus, rash, synovitus
13
Q
CI of ivermectin
A
- meningitis patients
- pregnancy
14
Q
MOA of diethylcarbamazine
A
- inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism in filarial mitochondria which enhances destruction by host
15
Q
indications of diethylcarbamazine
A
- lymphatic filariasis (Wucheria bancrofti)
- treatment most effect if given with albendazole
16
Q
AE of diethylcarbamazine
A
- Mazzotti reaction - aggravation of ocular lesions and hypotension
17
Q
MOA of pyrantel pamoate
A
- neuromuscular blocker
18
Q
indications of pyrantel pamoate
A
- second line for pinworm, trichuriasis, and roundworm
19
Q
AE of pyrantel pamoate
A
- anorexia, N/V/D, transient increase in hepatic enzymes
- category C for pregnancy
20
Q
indications of praziquantel
A
- all stages of schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, opistorchiasis
21
Q
AE of praziquantel
A
- CSF reaction syndrome in patients being treated for neurocysticercosis - headaches, seizures, meningismus
22
Q
MOA of niclosamide
A
- inhibits mitochondrial anaerobic phosphorylation of ADP in tapeworms
23
Q
indications of niclosamide
A
- tapeworms
- diphyloobothrium latum
24
Q
DOC for neurocysticercosis
A
- albendazole or praziquantel
25
DOC for hookworms (A. duodenale or N. americanus)
- mebendazole
26
DOC for ascaris lumbricoides
- mebendazole
| - second line - pyrantel pamoate
27
DOC for enterobius vermicularis
- mebendazole
| - second line - albendazole, thiabendazole, pyrantel pamoate
28
DOC or trichuris thrichuria
- mebendazole
29
DOC for visceral larva migrans (toxocara spp)
- thiabendazole
| - second line - diethylcarbamazine
30
DOC for cutaneous larva migrans (ancylostoma braziliense)
- thiabendazole
31
DOC for strongyloides stercoralis
- ivermectin
32
DOC for river blindness (onchocerca volvulus)
- ivermectin
33
DOC for wuchereria bancrofti
- diethylcarbamazine and albendazole
34
DOC for schistosomiasis
- praziquantel
35
drugs that can cause Mazzotti reaction
- ivermectin
| - diethylcarbamazine (most common)
