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kin cardio > rosh gpt > Flashcards

rosh gpt Flashcards

1
Q

what does systemic circulation do?

A

carries oxygenated blood from heart to body and returns deoxygenated blood to heart.

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2
Q

What is the process of systemic circulation?

A

Blood flows from left atrium to the left ventricle, then pumps it through aorta to body.

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3
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

takes deoxygenated blood to lungs for oxygenation and returns oxygenated blood to heart.

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4
Q

What is the process of pulmonary circulation?

A

Blood flows from right atrium to the right ventricle, then pumps it into pulmonary artery to lungs.

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5
Q

What is coronary circulation?

A

supplies the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygenated blood.

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6
Q

What is the process of coronary circulation?

A

Blood enters the coronary arteries, supplies the myocardium, and returns via coronary veins to right atrium.

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7
Q

What is cardiac output (Q)? and how is it calculated

A

volume of blood pumped by heart per minute.
calculated by multiplying heart rate (HR) times stroke volume (SV).

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8
Q

What factors affect cardiac output?

A

Increased heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) during exercise raise cardiac output (Q).

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9
Q

What is cardiovascular drift?

A

In prolonged exercise, stroke volume decreases while heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output.

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10
Q

What is the redistribution of blood flow during exercise?

A

Blood flow to muscles increases, and flow to other organs

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11
Q

What is the heart’s role as a double pump?

A

The left side pumps blood to the body (systemic circulation), while the right side pumps blood to the lungs (pulmonary circulation).

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12
Q

What is myocardium?

A

The heart muscle responsible for contractions to pump blood

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13
Q

What causes a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

A

chest pain due to a blockage of blood flow to the myocardium,

often due to plaque buildup in the coronary arteries.

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14
Q

What is the path of blood flow in the heart?
y

A

Blood flows through atria, into the ventricles, and pumped to lungs or body

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15
Q

What is the function of heart valves?

A

They prevent backflow of blood;

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16
Q

what is Systole:

A

Atria contract to pump blood into ventricles.

17
Q

what is diastole

A

Ventricles contract to pump blood to lungs and body.

18
Q

what is systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

A

Systolic pressure: the pressure during heart contraction
diastolic: pressure when heart is resting

19
Q

What is the electrical pathway in the heart?

A

SA node → atria contract → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers → ventricles contract.

20
Q

what is the P wave
QRS wave
T wave

A

P wave: Atria contract.
QRS complex: Ventricles contract.
T wave: Ventricles reset.

21
Q

What are the components of blood?
white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets

A

Plasma: Transports nutrients and waste.
RBCs: Carry oxygen and nutrients.
WBCs: Fight infection.
Platelets: Assist in blood clotting.

22
Q

What are the methods of venous return?

A

Skeletal muscle pump: Muscle contractions help blood return to heart.

Thoracic pump: Breathing moves blood from abdomen to chest.

Venoconstriction: Veins constrict during exercise

23
Q

What factors regulate stroke volume?

A

Preload: More blood in left ventricle increases stroke volume.

Afterload: Lower pressure in aorta increases stroke volume.

Strength of contraction: Increased contraction force raises stroke volume

24
Q

what is Stroke Volume (SV

A

volume of Blood pumped by the left ventricle per beat.

25
Q

what is LVEDV

A

Volume of blood in left ventricle at end of diastole.

26
Q

what is EF (Ejection Fraction):

A

volume of blood pumped out per beat.

27
Q

what is HR heart rate

A

beats per min

28
Q

what is MHR (Maximum Heart Rate):

A

220 age

29
Q

what is SV (Stroke Volume):

A

Blood volume pumped per beat.

30
Q

What are the cardiovascular effects of training?

A

Heart: Increased size, more forceful contractions, higher stroke volume, and lower resting heart rate.

Blood: More blood volume, increased red blood cells, more capillaries.

31
Q

How does blood flow improve during exercise?

A

Blood is redirected to working muscles, reducing flow to other organs.

32
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

A heart rate lower than 60 bpm, due to improved efficiency from training.

33
Q

What are the cardiovascular changes with training?

A

Increased heart mass: Enlarged ventricles and thicker walls, improving stroke volume.

Increased blood volume: More plasma and red blood cells for improved oxygen transport.

kin cardio (6 decks)

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