cardio respiratory

Question 1

what do the veins and venues do?

Answer 1

carries blood toward heart

Usually deoxygenated blood
(except pulmonary vein)

Limited contractibility & elasticity

one way valves

Question 2

what do arteries and arterioles do ?

Answer 2

Carries blood away from the heart

Usually oxygenated blood
(exception pulmonary artery)

Contractible & elastic

thick smooth muscle wall

Question 3

what are characteristics of the heart

Answer 3

Location: Mid – left chest
Size: Closed fist
250 – 350 grams
Functions as a “double pump”
Right side: deoxygenated blood
Left side: oxygenated bloo

Question 4

what is the pericardium around the heart

Answer 4

fluid filled protective sac surrounding heart to stop friction with other organs

Question 5

what is the epicardium

Answer 5

outer lining of the heart

Question 6

what is the myocardium

Answer 6

the heart muscle

Question 7

what is the endocardium

Answer 7

inner lining of heart

Question 8

what type of blood does the right atrium and left atrium get

Answer 8

-Right atrium gets
deoxygenated blood from the
superior and inferior vena cava

-Left atrium gets oxygenated
blood from pulmonary veins

Question 9

what does the right ventricle do and what does the left one do

Answer 9

Right pumps blood to lungs
to get oxygenated

Left has thicker wall and pumps blood to body

Question 11

what are the cusps attached to

Answer 11

attached to papillary muscles by chordae tendinae

Question 12

what are semilunar valve the gateway too

Answer 12

lungs and aorta

Question 13

what are the steps the deoxygenated blood travels

Answer 13

Deoxygenated blood (venous blood) flows from theupper body through the superior vena cava and lower body through the inferior vena cava.

2. Right atrium receives venous blood.
3. Venous blood moves through tricuspid valve.
4. Venous blood enters right ventricle.
5. Venous blood is pumped through the semi-lunar valve of the pulmonary trunk; Tricuspid valve closes.
6. Venous blood travels from the right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs.

AND THEN GAS EXCHANGE IN LUNG

Question 14

what are the steps in which oxygenated blood flows into heart

Answer 14

Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs through the left and right pulmonary veins.

8. Oxygenated blood enters left atrium.
9. Oxygenated blood goes through bicuspid valve.
10. Oxygenated blood enters left ventricle.
11. Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through semi-lunar valve of aorta; Bicuspid valve closes.
12. Oxygenated blood enters aorta.
13. Oxygenated blood is sent into the systemic circulation through the brachiocephalic, left common carotid,
    subclavian arteries and thoracic aorta to the rest of the body.
    * Gas exchange with working cells

Question 15

how is Oxygenated blood sent into the systemic circulation

Answer 15

through the brachiocephalic,
left common carotid, subclavian arteries, and thoracic aorta to the rest of the body.

Question 16

what is the myocardium responsible for

Answer 16

myocardium is responsible for contractions that force blood out the heart and around body.

Question 17

what are characteristics of myocardium

Answer 17

-involuntary contraction

-striated (actin and myosin)

-contractions are activated by calcium and follow the sliding filament theory of contraction

-cells are connected via intercalated discs
that allow electrical signals to pass between cells resulting in functional synctium (all cells contracting in unison)

-atrial cells are separated from ventricle cells

-cells are similar to slow twitch muscle fibres highly aerobic in nature

Question 18

What is the SA node, where is it located and what is it responsible for

Answer 18

specialized tissue located in the
posterior, superior right atrium of the heart responsible for electrical signals

it sets the rate of contraction of the heart

Question 19

explain the conduction system of the heart (The SA and AV nodes)

Answer 19

SA node sends electrical signal through right and left atria

2. Both atria contract simultaneously forcing blood to ventricles
3. Signal moves to inferior atria to AV node
4. After delay of 0.1sec, AV node
   send the signal down the H.I.S bundles (interventricular septum)
5. Signal travels to Purkinje fibres and it will skew the electrical implies to bottom of ventricles
6. Ventricles contract from the bottom up to push blood into pulmonary arteries and aorta.