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Applied Psychology: Issues in Mental Health > Rosenhan > Flashcards

Rosenhan Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychiatry?

A

the branch of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illness

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2
Q

What is labelling?

A

a distorted way of thinking about things, when a person’s mind convinces them of something that is untrue

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3
Q

What is institutionalisation?

A

The effects of being kept in an institution e.g., lacking social or communication skills

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4
Q

What is a pseudo patient?

A

a person who pretends to be ill, especially to gain some benefit
A fake patient

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5
Q

What is depersonalisation?

A

when people are not treated humanely

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6
Q

What was Rosenhan’s aim?

A

to test the reliability and validity of diagnosing disorders

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7
Q

What is the IV?

A

the 12 hospitals

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8
Q

What is the DV?

A

whether or not the pseudo patients were admitted

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9
Q

What was Rosenhan’s method?

A

a field experiment / participant observation

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10
Q

What was the setting?

A

12 psychiatric hospitals in 5 different states = different types - understaffed, modern, old etc

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11
Q

What are the strengths of the method?

A

high in ecological validity - real staff, patients, and institutions

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12
Q

What are the weaknesses of the method?

A

lack control over extraneous variables = harder to establish causality

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13
Q

What is the sample?

A
  • 8 pseudo patients
  • 5 male and 3 female
  • range of jobs e.g., a housewife
  • some with psychological background (some without)
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14
Q

What are the strengths of the sample?

A

no gender bias

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15
Q

What are the weaknesses of the sample?

A
  • culture bias
  • small = unrepresentative and ungeneralisable = lack population validity
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16
Q

How did participants gain access to the hospitals?

A

rang hospitals and arranged an appointment

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17
Q

How did participants appear when they showed up to their appointments?

A

dishevelled - appear not to take care of themselves

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18
Q

What did the participants tell the hospitals were their symptoms?

A

they said they heard a voice the same gender as them saying “empty” “hollow” “thud”

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19
Q

How were participants confidentiality protected?

A

they gave fake names so that any diagnosis would not go on their official medical record

20
Q

What about the participants was kept authentic?

A

their life experiences

21
Q

How did participants behave once they were admitted to the hospital?

A

immediately behaved normally as they would in everyday life
- interacted with staff and patients
- no longer experienced symptoms

22
Q

How was information / data gathered?

A

by the participants in notepads
- initially secretly and eventually in public

23
Q

What did staff assume about the participants note taking?

A

assumed it was a symptom and stated participants were “engaging in obsessive writing behaviour”

24
Q

What were the diagnoses given to the participants?

A

7/8 = schizophrenia
1/8 = manic depressive (bipolar)

25
Q

What were the reactions from other patients about the pseudo patients?

A

many patients detected the pseudo patients saying “you’re not crazy, you’re a journalist or professor checking up on the hospital”

26
Q

How many patients voiced their concerns?

A

35/118

27
Q

What was the range of length of stays?

A

8-52 (average=19)

28
Q

What normal behaviours were seen as symptoms of a disorder?

A
  • making notes / observations
  • pacing corridors
  • queueing early for lunch
29
Q

What did pseudo patients do with their medication?

A

flushed it down the toilet

30
Q

What did pseudo patients notice when flushing their medication?

A

there was already medication in the toilet = indicates other patients were also flushing their medication

31
Q

How did pseudo patients get out of the hospital?

A

had the responsibility of persuading hospital staff that they were sane and should be discharged

32
Q

What happened to the pseudo patients once they were released?

A

left with the diagnosis of schizophrenia or manic depression in remission

33
Q

What does in remission mean?

A

that it could come back

34
Q

Why did Rosenhan conduct a second experiment?

A

to see how well staff could recognise pseudo patients

35
Q

What did Rosenhan do for the second experiment?

A

nothing - no pseudo patients were actually sent

36
Q

What was the procedure for experiment two?

A

staff used a rating scale to rate new arrivals

37
Q

What was the key result from experiment two?

A

41/193 genuine patients were thought to be fake

38
Q

What is stickiness of labelling?

A

leads to prejudice, discrimination and distress

39
Q

What are the ethical issues of Rosenhan?

A
  • deception
  • protection from harm
  • no right to withdraw
  • no informed consent
40
Q

How can Rosenhan be considered ethical?

A

informed consent

41
Q

How can Rosenhan be considered unreliable?

A
  • lack external reliability - different cultural values do not align with USA diagnosis (DSM vs ICD)
42
Q

How can Rosenhan be considered invalid?

A
  • lack construct validity
  • lack population validity
43
Q

What is a type one error?

A

a false positive = saying something has something they DO NOT

44
Q

Which experiment is a type one error?

A

experiment 1

45
Q

What is a type two error?

A

saying someone doesn’t have something they do have

46
Q

Which experiment is a type two error?

A

experiment 2

47
Q

How were Rosenhan’s patients dehumanised?

A

no toilet doors
general abuse

Applied Psychology: Issues in Mental Health (4 decks)

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