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Medical terminolgy > Roots > Flashcards

Roots Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

Ex. Adenoma
—OMA means tumor or mass
Adentitis
—TITIS means inflammation

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2
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

Ex. Arthritis
—ITIS: inflammation

Arthralgia: pain in a joint

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3
Q

Bi/o

A

Life

Ex. Biopsy
—OPSY: process of viewing

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4
Q

Carcin/o

A

Cancer/cancerous

Ex. Carcinoma
—OMA: tumor or mass

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5
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

Ex. Cardiology

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6
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

Ex. Cephalic
—IC: pertaining to

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7
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

Ex. Cytology

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8
Q

Derm/o

A

Skin

Ex Dermal
– AL: pertaining to

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9
Q

Dermat/o

A

Skin

Ex. Dermatitis
– itis: inflamation

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10
Q

Electro/o

A

Electricity

Ex Electrocardiogram
–GRAM: record

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11
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

Ex. Electroencephalogram
Helps reveal epilepsy (seizure disorder)

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12
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestine

Ex. Enteritis - often the small intestine

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13
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

Ex. erythrocyte
–CYTE: cell

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14
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

Ex. Gastroscopy
–SCOPY: process of visual examination using an instrument (scope)

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15
Q

Gnos/o

A

Knowledge

Ex. Diagnosis
–SIS: state of
DIA–: complete

Ex. Prognosis
Pro–: before

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16
Q

Gynec/o

A

Woman, female

Ex. Gynecology

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17
Q

Hemo
Hemat/o

A

Blood

Ex. hemoglobin
–GLOBIN: protein

Ex. Hematoma
–OMA: tumour

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18
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

Ex. Hepatitis

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19
Q

Lepar/o

A

Abdomen

Ex. Laparotomy
– TOMY: cutting into

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20
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

Ex. Leukocyte
Leukemia - increase in leukocytes

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21
Q

Nephro/o

A

Kidney

Ex. Nephrectomy
– ECTOMY: cutting out

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22
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

Ex. Neurology
Neuralgia

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23
Q

Onc/o

A

Tumour

Ex. Oncologist
–IST: specialist

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24
Q

Ophthalm/o

A

Eye

Ex. Ophthalmoscopy

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25
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

Ex. Osteoarthritis

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26
Q

Path/o

A

Disease

Ex. Pathologist

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27
Q

Psycho/o

A

Mind

Ex. Psychosis
–OSIS: abnormal condition

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28
Q

Ren/o

A

Kidney

Ex. renal

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29
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

Ex. Rhinitis

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30
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh

Ex. Sarcoma

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31
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

Ex. Thrombus - blood clot

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32
Q

Cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder
Ex. Cystoscope

Cystitis: inflammation of the urinary bladder

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33
Q

Crin/o

A

Secrete

Ex. Endocrine Glands

34
Q

Glyc/o

A

Sugar

Ex. Hyperglycemia

35
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

Ex. Cranial Cavity or Craniotomy

36
Q

Thorac/og

A

Chest

Ex. Thoracic Cavity
Thoracic Spinal Region
Thoracotomy

37
Q

Hernia

A

Rapture or Protrude

Ex. Herniated disk

38
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck

Ex. Cervical region

Neck of the body or the neck of the uterus

39
Q

Lumb/o

A

Loin - waist

Ex. Lumbar Spine
Lumbar Puncture - Spinal Tap injects or removes liquid form the lumbar region of the spinal chord

40
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum - holy Bone

The triangular-shaped bone located at the base of the spine.

Five fused bones in the lower back

Sacral Region

41
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Tailbone, coccyx

Coccygeal

–EAL: pertaining to

Means “cuckoo” due to the resemblance of the coccyx bone to a cuckoo’s beak.

42
Q

Tonus

A

Stretch

Ex. Peritoneum

43
Q

Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

Ex. Abdominal - pertaining to the abdomen

44
Q

Anter/o

A

Front

Ex. Anterior
-IOR: pertaining to

45
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchial Tubes
~ leading from the trachea to the lung

Ex. Bronchoscopy

Bronchial tubes — bronchioles tubes — alveoli (tiny air sacs) where gas exchange occurs

46
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage
connective tissues attached to bones

Ex. Chondroma - benign tumor originating from cartilage tissues

47
Q

Epitheli/o

A

Skin, Surface Tissue

Ex. Epithelial: cells on the outer layer of the skin and lining of the internal organs that lead outside of the body

Epi: upon
Theli/o: nipple

48
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus
~ tube from throat to the stomach
Made from muscle tissue

Ex. Esophageal

49
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx: the voice box
~ found in the upper part of the trachea

Ex. Laryngeal or Laryngectomy

50
Q

Later/o

A

Side

Ex. Lateral

51
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph
~ clear fluid in tissue sapces and lymph vessels

Ex. Lymphocyte - white blood cells that fight disease (ex. antibodies)

52
Q

Mediastin/o

A

Mediastinum
~ space between the lungs

Ex. Mediastinal

53
Q

Pelv/o

A

Pelvis
~ bones of the hip

Ex. Pelvic

54
Q

Peritone/o

A

Peritoneum
~ membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

Ex. Peritoneal
Peritoneal fluid produces by peritoneum lubricates its surfaces to prevent friction.
Accumulation of fluid: ascites

55
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx - throat
~ part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagus & trachea.
The passageway for food from the mouth, and air from the nose.

Ex. Pharyngeal

56
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura
~ membrane surrounding the thoracic cavity

Ex. Pleuritis

57
Q

Poster/o

A

Back/behind

Ex. Poseterior

58
Q

Radi/o

A

X-Rays

Ex. radiology
Images obtained using sound waves (ultrasonography) & nuclear medicine

59
Q

Spin/o

A

Spine - backbone

Ex. Spinal

60
Q

Trache/o

A

Windpipe

Ex. Tracheotomy

61
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra - back bone

Ex. Vertebral

62
Q

Ot/o

A

Ear

Ex. Otalgia
Ear pain

63
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

Ex. Myalgia
Muscle pain

64
Q

Septic

A

Pertaining to infection

Ex. Septic-emia: blood infection from pathogen entering the blood from a wound

65
Q

Isch/o

A

To hold back

Ex. Ischemia of heart muscle

Blood is held back from an area of the heart muscle by an occlusion of the coronary artery. The muscle loses its supply of oxygen and nutrition and dies and leads to a myocardial infarction (heart attack)

66
Q

Ur/o

A

Urine or Urea; urinary tract

ex. Uremia
Occurs when urea (wast material) accumulates in the blood.

67
Q

Pneumon/o

A

Lung

Ex. Pneumonia: inflamed lung causes fluid & material to collect in the lung’s air sacs

68
Q

Mening/o

A

Meninges - membranes around the brain and spinal cord

Ex. Meningitis

69
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

Ex. Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein

70
Q

Col/o

A

Colon

Ex. Colitis - inflamation of the colon

71
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

ex. Myeloma: a malignant tumor of cells in the bone marrow

72
Q

Men/o

A

Menstrual

Ex. Menorrhagia - excessive bleeding during menstruation

73
Q

Amni/o

A

Fetal Sack

Ex. Amniocentesis - removes fluid from the fetal sack

74
Q

Hyster/

A

Uterus

Ex. Hysterectomy

75
Q

Opphor

A

Ovary

Ex. Oophorectomy

76
Q

Salping

A

Fallopian Tubes

Ex. Salpingectomy

77
Q

Cholecyst

A

Gall Bladder
– underneath the liver, releases bile to the intestine

Ex. Cholecystectomy

78
Q

Mast/o
or
Mamm/o

A

Breast

Ex. Mastectomy

79
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal Cord

Ex. Myelogram

80
Q

Angi/o

A

Blood Vessel

Ex. Angiography

Medical terminolgy (5 decks)

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