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bds3 anatomy student 2 > Root of the neck & Prevertebral Muscles > Flashcards

Root of the neck & Prevertebral Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what is the anterior boundary of the root of the neck?

A
  • top of manubrium
  • superior border of clavicle
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2
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the root of neck?

A
  • body of T1
  • superior margin of scapula to corocoid process
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3
Q

what is the lateral boundary of root of neck?

A
  • first pair of ribs
  • costal cartilages
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4
Q

what is the inferior boundary of the root of the neck?

A
  • superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)
  • axillary inlets
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5
Q

where does the right subclavian artery pass through?

A

passes through the cervicoaxillary canal into the axilla & upper limb to become the axillary artery

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6
Q

where does the change in name from Subclavian to Axillary artery occur?

A

the lateral border of the first rib

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7
Q

what is the apex of the lung (summit) located?

A

-2.5cm above middle 1/3 of clavicle

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8
Q

what is the parietal pleura?

A

lines pulmonary cavities & adheres to thoracic wall, mediastinum & diaphragm

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9
Q

what is cervical pleura?

A

the superior continuation of the costal & mediastinal parts of the parietal pleura

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10
Q

what does the cervical pleura form superiorly?

A

a cup-like dome called the pleural cupola

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11
Q

why is the cervical pleura in children more susceptible to injury?

A

since it extends higher due to the relatively short length of the neck

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12
Q

why are injuries to the root/base of neck dangerous?

A

they can compromise the lungs & pleural sacs

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13
Q

where does visceral pleura adhere to?

A

it adheres very closely to the lungs including in its fissures

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14
Q

what is the suprapleural membrane/Sibson’s fascia?

A

a strong fibrous connective tissue that is an extension of the endothoracic fascia, reinforces the cervical pleura

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15
Q

what does the suprapleural membrane (Sibson’s fascia) act as a barrier to?

A

acts as a barrier to prevent changes in intrathoracic pressure

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16
Q

what is the BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK covered by anteriorly?

A
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
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17
Q

What three branches come off from the aortic arch?

A

1 - brachiocephalic trunk
2 - left common carotid artery
3 - left subclavian artery

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18
Q

where do both subclavian arteries start?

A

both start posterior to their respective sternoclavicular joints to ascend through the superior thoracic aperture to enter the root of the neck

19
Q

what lies posterior to the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A
  • cervical pleurae
  • apices of lungs
20
Q

where does the first part of the subclavian artery lie?

A

Medical to anterior scalene muscle

21
Q

where does the 2nd part of the subclavian artery lie?

A

posterior to anterior scalene muscle

22
Q

where does the 3rd part of the subclavian artery lie?

A

lateral to the anterior scalene muscle

23
Q

what part of the subclavian artery is the longest & most superficial?

A

3rd part

24
Q

what lies directly posterior to the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

A

trunks of brachial plexus

25
Q

what are the branch parts that arise from the subclavian artery?

A
  • cervical part
  • vertebral part
  • suboccipital part
26
Q

what is the travel path of the vertebral artery?

A

ascends in neck as cervical part to enter foramen transversarium of C6 & ascends through C1 to C6 as vertebral part

27
Q

what subclavian artery branches make up the cervical part?

A
  • vertebral artery
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • internal thoracic artery
28
Q

what does the vertebral artery eventually become?

A

the basilar artery

29
Q

what does the thyrocervical trunk ascend to give off?

A
  • inferior thyroid artery
  • transverse cervical artery
  • suprascapular artery
30
Q

what are the terminal branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  • inferior thyroid artery
  • ascending cervical artery
31
Q

what does the costocervical trunk ascend to give off?

A

Ascends posteromedially & divides into:
- supreme intercostal artery
- deep cervical artery

32
Q

what are the subclavian vein and subclavian artery divided by?

A

anterior scalene muscle

33
Q

what is the function of the subclavian vein?

A

major venous drainage from upper limb

34
Q

what is the thoracic duct?

A

a major lymphatic drainage channel

35
Q

where can the thoracic duct be found?

A

between the left internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein

36
Q

what is the function of prevertebral muscles?

A

act to flex & in some areas rotate the head and neck

37
Q

what are the anterior vertebral muscles?

A
  • longus colli
  • longus capitis
  • rectus capitis anterior
  • anterior scalene
38
Q

what are the lateral vertebral muscles?

A
  • rectus capitis lateralis
  • splenius capitis
  • levator scapulae
  • middle & posterior scalenes
39
Q

what is the function of the longus colli?

A

flexes neck with rotation to opposite side (unilaterally)

40
Q

what is the function of the longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior & anterior scalene?

A

flex head

41
Q

what is the function of the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

flexes & stabilises head

42
Q

what is the function of the splenius capitis?

A
  • laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side
  • bilaterally extends head and neck
43
Q

what is the function of the middle & posterior scalenes?

A
  • flex neck laterally
  • middle scalene elevates 1st rib and 2nd during forced inspiration
44
Q

what is the function of the levator scapulae?

A
  • elevates scapula & rotates it

bds3 anatomy student 2 (26 decks)

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