Anatomy Clinical Implications Flashcards
how is an Emergency Airway performed & why may this be essential?
- cricothyroid ligament pierced by a fine 1mm needle
- when patient cannot breath e.g anaphylactic shock
what is Goitre?
- enlarged thyroid gland
- often caused by Grave’s disease or Iodine deficiency
*if seen in patient check for Exopthalmos (bulging/protruding) of the eyes as this is common in Grave’s disease
what causes congestive cardiac failure?
- external jugular vein becomes distended
what is an Extradural Haemorrhage? what may cause this?
- blood haemorrhage between the Dura Mater & the Skull
- the Pterion is weakest point of skull, trauma here can cause fracture which can cause rupture of the Middle Meningeal Artery
What are the main cranial nerves affected by a stroke in the internal capsule?
- Facial nerve
- Hypoglossal nerve
If a patient is having a stroke in their right internal capsule, what will the clinical signs be?
- left muscles innervated by facial nerve will no longer work below eye brows
- when patient stick tongue out is deviates to the left
- all muscles on left side of body will begin to paralyse
what syndrome is caused damage to the cervical sympathetic trunk?
Horner’s syndrome
what are the clinical signs of Horner’s syndrome?
- absence of face sweating
- drooping of upper eyelid
- constriction of pupil
what nerve is damaged if patient is unable to raise shoulder?
accessory nerve
what muscles does the accessory nerve supply?
SCM and trapezius
what is a symptom of sympathetic nerve damage?
constricted pupil & eyelid drooping
what nerve would be at risk with surgery to excise the submandibular gland?
the lingual nerve
what bones make up the zygomatic arch?
- temporal process of zygomatic bone
- zygomatic process of temporal bone
