Carotid Triangle & Neurovascular Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Carotid Triangle & what is it bounded by?

A

a VASCULAR AREA bounded by:
- superior omohyoid
- posterior digastric
- anterior border of SCM

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2
Q

What does the Carotid Triangle contain?

A
  • thyroid gland
  • larynx
  • pharynx
  • carotid sheath (& contents)
  • branches of cervical plexus
  • superior root of the ansa cervicalis
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
  • parts of CN XI & XII
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3
Q

Where does the right common carotid artery ascend from?

A

Branch of the braciocephalic trunk

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4
Q

Where does the left common carotid artery ascend from?

A

direct branch from the arch of aorta

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5
Q

what artery supplies the brain?

A

the internal carotid artery

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6
Q

what is the carotid sinus?

A

an enlargement/dilation at bifurcation of common carotid artery containing baroreceptors/pressoreceptors in wall of ICA

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7
Q

why is the carotid sinus important?

A
  • important in monitoring blood pressure
  • baroreceptors are sensitive to stretch
  • helps keep blood pressure within homeostatic values
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8
Q

what is the carotid sinus innervated by?

A
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) via carotid sinus nerve
  • CN X
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9
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

A small organ (2-5mm) which houses chemoreceptors located at bifurcation of CCA near the carotid sinus

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10
Q

Where does the carotid body lie?

A

Lies in a septum on the medial side of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

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11
Q

What is the function of the carotid body?

A
  • important in monitoring blood O2, CO2 and pH (& temperature)
  • responds in emergency situations by increasing respiration, blood pressure & cardiac rate
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12
Q

what is the carotid body innervated by?

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal) via carotid sinus nerve & CNX

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13
Q

where does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

main artery of the brain & structures in the orbits

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14
Q

where does the external carotid artery supply?

A

supplies most structures external to the cranium
- EXCEPT the orbit & part of forehead

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15
Q

what are the anterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • superior thyroid
  • lingual
  • facial
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16
Q

what are the posterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • occipital
  • posterior auricular
17
Q

what is the medial branch of the external carotid artery?

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

18
Q

what are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A
  • superficial temporal
  • maxillary
19
Q

what artery does the middle meningeal artery branch off of?

A

the maxillary artery

20
Q

what is the largest vein of the neck? what structures does it drain?

A

the Internal Jugular Vein drains:
- brain
- skull
- face
- parts of neck

21
Q

what vein is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus?

A

the internal jugular vein

22
Q

where is the internal jugular vein located?

A
  • exits skull via the jugular foramen
  • enters the carotid sheathe
  • runs lateral to the common carotid artery
23
Q

what veins drain into the internal jugular vein?

A
  • inferior petrosal sinus
  • pharyngeal
  • occipital
  • facial
  • lingual
  • superior thyroid
24
Q

what is the function of the inferior bulb & valve of the IJV?

A

permits blood flow towards the heart while preventing backflow into the vein (might occur if inverted)

25
what muscle runs directly across the IJV?
the omohyoid muscle
26
what structures does the external jugular vein drain?
mainly drains the scalp & face
27
what veins drain directly into the external jugular vein?
- posterior external jugular - transverse cervical - suprascapular - anterior jugular
28
where do anterior jugular veins arise?
near the hyoid bone & run on either side of the midline through subcutaneous tissue
29
what nerve emerges through the stylomastoid foramen?
CNVII & gives off the posterior auricular nerve
30
what does the parotid plexus give rise to?
- temporal nerve - zygomatic nerve - buccal nerve - marginal mandibular - cervical
31
what does the cervical branch of CNVII innervate?
platysma muscle
32
what nerve innervates the digastric muscle?
digastric branch of CNVII
33
what nerve supplies the stylohyoid muscle?
CNVII
34
what branches does CNX (vagus) give rise to?
- pharyngeal - laryngeal - cardiac branches
35
what are symptoms of damage to CNX laryngeal branches?
- hoarseness of voice - aphonia
36
what does the transverse cervical nerve innervate?
cutaneous innervation over SCM & anterior triangle
37
what does the ansa cervicalis innervate?
infrahyoid muscles